Tissue electrolysis is an alternative modality that uses a low intensity direct electric current passing through at least 2 electrodes within the tissue and resulting electrochemical products including chlorine and hydrogen. These products induce changes in pH around electrodes and cause dehydration resulting from electroosmotic pressure, leading to changes in microenvironment and thus metabolism of the tissues, yielding apoptosis. The procedure requires adequate time for electrochemical reactions to yield products sufficient to induce apoptosis of the tissues. Incorporation of electroporation into electrolysis can decrease the treatment time and enhance the efficiency of electrolytic ablation. Electroporation causes permeabilization in the cell membrane allowing the efflux of potassium ions and extension of the electrochemical area, facilitating the electrolysis process. However, little is known about the combined effects on apoptosis in liver ablation. In this study, we performed an immunohistochemical evaluation of apoptosis for the incorporation of electroporation into electrolysis in liver tissues. To do so, the study was performed with microelectrodes for fixed treatment time while the applied voltage varied to increase the applied total energy for electrolysis. The apoptotic rate for electrolytic ablation increased with enhanced applied energy. The apoptotic rate was 4.31 ± 1.73 times that of control in the synergistic combination compared to 1.49 ± 0.33 times that of the control in electrolytic ablation alone. Additionally, tissue structure was better preserved in synergistic combination ablation compared to electrolysis with an increment of 3.8 mA. Thus, synergistic ablation may accelerate apoptosis and be a promising modality for the treatment of liver tumors.

组织电解是一种替代方式，它使用低强度直流电流通过组织内的至少 2 个电极并产生包括氯和氢在内的电化学产物。这些产物会引起电极周围 pH 值的变化，并导致电渗压引起的脱水，从而导致微环境发生变化，从而导致组织代谢发生变化，从而产生细胞凋亡。该过程需要足够的时间进行电化学反应，以产生足以诱导组织凋亡的产物。将电穿孔并入电解可减少处理时间并提高电解消融效率。电穿孔导致细胞膜透化，允许钾离子流出并扩大电化学区域，促进电解过程。然而，关于肝脏消融对细胞凋亡的综合影响知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们对细胞凋亡进行了免疫组织化学评估，以将电穿孔结合到肝组织的电解中。为此，该研究使用微电极进行固定处理时间，同时改变施加的电压以增加施加的电解总能量。电解消融的细胞凋亡率随着施加能量的增加而增加。与单独电解消融对照的 1.49 ± 0.33 倍相比，协同组合中的细胞凋亡率是对照的 4.31 ± 1.73 倍。此外，与增加 3.8 mA 的电解相比，协同联合消融能更好地保留组织结构。因此，