Abstract

Characteristics, sources and health risks of atmospheric PM₁₀-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on residents living in different regions of Ahvaz, Southwest Iran were investigated during 2016–2017. 84 samples were taken from the different regions: (S1) industrial; (S2) high traffic and (S3) residential sites in Ahvaz metropolitan. Urinary samples were collected from people who came to the east health center of Ahvaz. Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and PAHs levels were analyzed by Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Exposure and risk assessment (Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR), Lifetime Average Daily Dose (LADD) and hazard index (HI)) of these pollutants were estimated, using USEPA’s exposure parameters. Results of this study showed that in the air of residential and industrial areas observed the lowest and the highest level of PAHs, respectively. High molecular weight compounds (2–4rings), contributed to 85% of ∑PAHs mass in the atmospheric PM₁₀-bound samples. Industrial processing and petroleum refining, were identified to be major outdoor resources of PAHs. Based on the result of this study, the highest and the lowest concentration of PAHs metabolites were observed in the industrial and residential areas. Average urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels of S1, S2 and S3 regions were 0.4735; 1.311 and 1.4942 ng/dL, respectively. The values of ILCR in cold (0.06913) and warm (0.052854) seasons were higher than EPA which, was significantly correlated with the concentration of PAHs. In conclusion, increasing exposure concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons would have a significant potential for increased ILCR and risk of health endpoint. ILCR in different areas was significantly higher than standard. Our results show that the air quality of Ahvaz city was in an unfavorable condition and increasing exposure concentration of PAHs would have a significant potential for increased ILCR and risk of diseases.

摘要

_{大气 PM 10}的特征、来源和健康风险在 2016-2017 年期间，对居住在伊朗西南部阿瓦士不同地区的居民的多环芳烃 (PAH) 进行了调查。84 个样本取自不同地区：（S1）工业；(S2) 阿瓦士大都市的高流量和 (S3) 住宅用地。从来到阿瓦士东部卫生中心的人那里收集了尿液样本。通过气相色谱和质谱 (GC/MS) 分析尿液 1-羟基芘和 PAHs 水平。使用 USEPA 的暴露参数估计了这些污染物的暴露和风险评估（增加的终生癌症风险 (ILCR)、终生平均每日剂量 (LADD) 和危害指数 (HI)）。这项研究的结果表明，在住宅区和工业区的空气中，PAHs 的含量分别最低和最高。₁₀结合样本。工业加工和石油精炼被确定为多环芳烃的主要户外资源。根据本研究的结果，在工业区和住宅区观察到 PAHs 代谢物的最高和最低浓度。S1、S2和S3区域的平均尿1-羟基芘水平为0.4735；分别为 1.311 和 1.4942 ng/dL。冷季（0.06913）和暖季（0.052854）ILCR值均高于EPA，与PAHs浓度显着相关。总之，增加多环芳烃的暴露浓度可能会增加 ILCR 和健康终点风险。不同地区的ILCR明显高于标准。