ABSTRACT The knowledge of the medicinal plants’ organs containing a great number of bioactive compounds is of high importance. Thus, the need to study phytochemical compositions and biological activities of different organs of Zosima absinthifolia is highly demanding rather than any time before in the past. The essential oil was analyzed using GC and GC/MS. Total phenol and flavonoid content, and phenolic compound analysis were evaluated via spectrophotometry, and HPLC methods, respectively. Antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities were assayed by DPPH, disk diffusion, and MTT methods, separately. The results illustrated the maximum yield of essential oil was achieved at the late-mature/ripe seeds (0.88%), while the leaves had the lowest yield (0.31%). The essential oil analysis showed that octyl acetate and 1-octanol were the main compounds in the early development, mid-mature, and late-mature seeds. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid content were achieved in the acetone extracts of different seeds. Moreover, only caffeic acid and salicylic acid were detected in the ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanolic extracts, and the acetone extract of all aerial parts of the plant showed the maximum content. The biological results revealed that the highest antioxidant and cytotoxic properties were obtained in the acetone extracts of flowers and the early development stage of seeds. Acetone extract of all parts of the plant was highly active against Bacillus subtilis, B. pumilus, and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Finally, it can be inferred that the different organs and extraction solvents could influence the phytochemical compounds and biological properties of Z. absinthisfolia.

中文翻译：

---

苦艾叶不同生长阶段的植物化学变异和生物活性

摘要 了解含有大量生物活性化合物的药用植物器官具有重要意义。因此，研究苦参不同器官的植物化学成分和生物活性的需求比以往任何时候都高。使用 GC 和 GC/MS 分析精油。总酚和类黄酮含量以及酚类化合物分析分别通过分光光度法和 HPLC 方法进行评估。分别通过 DPPH、圆盘扩散和 MTT 方法测定抗氧化、抗菌和细胞毒性活性。结果表明，晚熟/成熟种子的精油产量最高（0.88%），而叶子的产量最低（0.31%）。精油分析表明，乙酸辛酯和1-辛醇是早期发育、中熟和晚熟种子的主要化合物。在不同种子的丙酮提取物中实现了最高的总酚类和类黄酮含量。此外，乙酸乙酯、丙酮和甲醇提取物中仅检测到咖啡酸和水杨酸，且植物所有地上部分的丙酮提取物含量最高。生物学结果表明，花的丙酮提取物和种子的早期发育阶段获得了最高的抗氧化和细胞毒性特性。植物所有部分的丙酮提取物对枯草芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有高度活性。最后，