ABSTRACT

This review focuses on the phase behaviour of liquids in nanoscale confinement, which promotes drying by a combination of hydrophobicity, small size, and high degree of confinement. In these conditions, the vapour phase can form at exceptionally large pressures or low temperatures as compared to bulk vaporisation, giving rise to the unexpected formation of bubbles. A general framework is introduced which allows to understand the main effects of confinement on the thermodynamics and on the kinetics of drying. The relevance of such phenomena is discussed in the realm of biological nanopores, specifically ion channels, and in nanoporous materials. The emergence of nanoscale effects not accounted for in macroscopic theories is discussed together with the open challenges in this rapidly expanding field.

摘要

这篇综述集中在纳米级密闭中液体的相行为，这通过疏水性，小尺寸和高密闭度的组合促进干燥。在这些条件下，与整体汽化相比，气相可以在极高的压力或低温下形成，从而导致意外地形成气泡。介绍了一个通用框架，该框架允许您了解限制对热力学和干燥动力学的主要影响。此类现象的相关性已在生物纳米孔领域（尤其是离子通道）和纳米多孔材料中进行了讨论。讨论了在宏观理论中未解释的纳米尺度效应的出现，以及在这个迅速扩展的领域中面临的开放挑战。