Soil salinization is a serious environmental problem worldwide. To explore the comparative effects of soil salinity and sodicity on physiological, biochemical and nutritional quality attributes of four quinoa genotypes (A1, A7, Puno, Vikinga), pot and field experiments were performed on non‐saline soil and two types of salt‐affected soils designated as SS1 (saline) and SS2 (saline‐sodic). The results of both the experiments showed similar reduction pattern in biomass (11%–44%), chlorophyll content (10%–36%), stomatal conductance (18%–32%) and grain yield (30%–47%) of four genotypes on SS2 compared with SS1. Higher sodicity level of SS2 resulted in more Na accumulation (23%–40%) and oxidative damage (12%–35% decrease in membrane stability) leading to an increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT) in all the genotypes. Grain mineral contents (except Na and Mg) were decreased more in SS2 than SS1. Multivariate analysis revealed that grain Na content has negative correlation with all the nutritional quality attributes except Mg and fibre contents. Genotypes A1 and A7 were more salt tolerant with better grain nutritional quality than Puno and Vikinga. It is concluded that soil sodicity is more detrimental than salinity, and quinoa genotypes A1 and A7 are better than Puno and Vikinga for cultivation on saline and saline‐sodic soils.

中文翻译：

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藜麦（Chenopodium quinoa Willd。）的土壤碱度比盐度更有害：生理，生化和营养品质属性的多元比较

在世界范围内，土壤盐渍化是一个严重的环境问题。为了探讨土壤盐分和碱度对四种藜麦基因型（A1，A7，普诺，维京加）的生理，生化和营养品质属性的比较影响，在非盐渍土和两种受盐影响的土壤上进行了盆栽和田间试验被指定为SS1（盐水）和SS2（盐碱）的土壤。两项实验的结果均表明，玉米的生物量（11％–44％），叶绿素含量（10％–36％），气孔导度（18％–32％）和谷物产量（30％–47％）的减少方式相似。与SS1相比，SS2上有4个基因型。较高的SS2碱度会导致更多的Na积累（23％–40％）和氧化损伤（膜稳定性降低12％–35％），从而导致所有抗氧化酶（SOD，POD，CAT）的活性增加基因型。SS2中的谷物矿物质含量（Na和Mg除外）比SS1降低更多。多变量分析表明，谷物中的钠含量与除镁和纤维含量外的所有营养品质属性负相关。基因型A1和A7比Puno和Vikinga具有更高的耐盐性和更好的谷物营养品质。结论是，在盐碱土和盐碱土上耕作，土壤碱度比盐度有害，藜麦基因型A1和A7优于Puno和Vikinga。