Plants often encounter light intensities exceeding the capacity of photosynthesis (excessive light) mainly due to biotic and abiotic factors, which lower CO₂ fixation and reduce light energy sinks. Under excessive light, the photosynthetic electron transport chain generates damaging molecules, hence leading to photooxidative stress and eventually to cell death. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms linking the excessive absorption of light energy in chloroplasts to programmed cell death in plant leaves. We highlight the importance of reactive carbonyl species generated by lipid photooxidation, their detoxification, and the integrating role of the endoplasmic reticulum in the adoption of phototolerance or cell-death pathways. Finally, we invite the scientific community to standardize the conditions of excessive light treatments.

植物经常遇到的光强超过光合作用的能力（光强），这主要是由于生物和非生物因素降低了CO ₂固定并减少光能汇。在过多的光线下，光合作用的电子传输链会产生破坏性分子，从而导致光氧化应激并最终导致细胞死亡。在这篇综述中，我们总结了将叶绿体中光能的过度吸收与植物叶片中程序性细胞死亡联系起来的机制。我们强调了由脂质光氧化作用产生的反应性羰基物质的重要性，它们的解毒作用以及内质网在采用光耐受性或细胞死亡途径中的整合作用。最后，我们邀请科学界对过度光疗的条件进行标准化。