Introduction

Environmental exposure to lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are risk factors for adverse health outcomes in children and adults. This study examined whether thirdhand smoke residue contributes to Pb and Cd in settled house dust.

Methods

Participants were 60 multiunit housing residents in San Diego, California. All had indoor smoking bans during the study period, and 55 were nonsmokers. Wipe samples from different surfaces and vacuum floor dust samples were analyzed for nicotine, a marker of thirdhand smoke, and for Pb and Cd using liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, respectively.

Results

Examined in each sample type separately, Pb and Cd loadings were significantly correlated (r = 0.73, vacuum floor dust; 0.52, floor wipes; 0.72, window sill/trough wipes; all p < 0.0025). Pb and Cd loadings from different sample types were not correlated (all p > 0.30). Nicotine loading in dust was significantly correlated with Pb and Cd loading in dust (r = 0.49 for Pb; r = 0.39 for Cd, all p < 0.0025). Pb and Cd loadings on floor or window surfaces, showed no association with nicotine loading in dust, on floors, or on furniture (all p < 0.30).

Conclusions

Tobacco smoke is a likely source of Pb and Cd that accumulates in settled house dust in multiunit housing, suggesting that Pb and Cd are constituents of thirdhand smoke that lingers long after smoking has ended.

中文翻译：

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烟草烟雾可能是室内灰尘中铅和镉的来源

 介绍

环境中铅 (Pb) 和镉 (Cd) 的暴露是儿童和成人不良健康结果的危险因素。这项研究检验了三手烟残留物是否会导致室内灰尘中的铅和镉。

 方法

参与者是加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥的 60 名多单元住房居民。研究期间，所有人都禁止室内吸烟，其中 55 人不吸烟。分别使用液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法分析了不同表面的擦拭样品和真空地板灰尘样品中的尼古丁（三手烟的标志物）以及铅和镉。

 结果

分别对每种样品类型进行检查，发现 Pb 和 Cd 含量显着相关（r = 0.73，吸尘地板灰尘；0.52，地板擦拭布；0.72，窗台/槽擦拭布；所有 p < 0.0025）。不同样品类型的 Pb 和 Cd 含量不相关（所有 p > 0.30）。粉尘中的尼古丁含量与粉尘中的 Pb 和 Cd 含量显着相关（Pb 的 r = 0.49；Cd 的 r = 0.39，所有 p < 0.0025）。地板或窗户表面的 Pb 和 Cd 含量与灰尘、地板或家具中的尼古丁含量没有关联（所有 p < 0.30）。

 结论

烟草烟雾可能是铅和镉的来源，铅和镉会积聚在多单元住宅的沉降室内灰尘中，这表明铅和镉是三手烟的成分，在吸烟结束后仍会长期存在。