Abstract Capture-Replay tools are widely used for the automated testing of web applications The scripts written for these Capture-Replay tools are strongly coupled with the web elements of web applications. These test scripts are sensitive to changes in web elements and require repairs as the web pages evolve. In this paper, we propose an automated model-based approach to repair the Capture-Replay test scripts that are broken due to such changes. Our approach repairs the test scripts that may be broken due to the breakages (e.g., broken locators, missing web elements) reported in the existing test breakage taxonomy. Our approach is based on a DOM-based strategy and is independent of the underlying Capture-Replay tool. We developed a tool to demonstrate the applicability of the approach. We perform an empirical study on seven subject applications. The results show that the approach successfully repairs the broken test scripts while maintaining the same DOM coverage and fault-finding capability. We also evaluate the usefulness of the repaired test scripts according to the opinion of professional testers. We conduct an experiment to compare our approach with the state-of-the-art DOM-based test repair approach, WATER. The comparison results show that our approach repairs more test breakages than WATER.

中文翻译：

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一种基于模型的自动化方法来修复不断发展的 Web 应用程序的测试套件

摘要 Capture-Replay 工具广泛用于Web 应用程序的自动化测试。为这些Capture-Replay 工具编写的脚本与Web 应用程序的Web 元素紧密耦合。这些测试脚本对网页元素的变化很敏感，需要随着网页的发展进行修复。在本文中，我们提出了一种基于模型的自动化方法来修复由于此类更改而损坏的 Capture-Replay 测试脚本。我们的方法修复了可能由于现有测试损坏分类法中报告的损坏（例如，损坏的定位器、丢失的 Web 元素）而损坏的测试脚本。我们的方法基于基于 DOM 的策略，并且独立于底层的 Capture-Replay 工具。我们开发了一个工具来证明该方法的适用性。我们对七个学科应用进行了实证研究。结果表明，该方法成功修复了损坏的测试脚本，同时保持了相同的 DOM 覆盖率和故障查找能力。我们还根据专业测试人员的意见评估修复后的测试脚本的有用性。我们进行了一项实验，将我们的方法与最先进的基于 DOM 的测试修复方法 WATER 进行比较。比较结果表明，我们的方法比 WATER 修复了更多的测试破损。