Abstract Fossil pollen records are well-established indicators of past vegetation changes. The prevalence of pollen across environmental settings including lakes, wetlands, and marine sediments, has made palynology one of the most ubiquitous and valuable tools for studying past environmental and climatic change globally for decades. A complementary research focus has been the development of statistical techniques to derive quantitative estimates of climatic conditions from pollen assemblages. This paper reviews the most commonly used statistical techniques and their rationale and seeks to provide a resource to facilitate their inclusion in more palaeoclimatic research. To this end, we first address the fundamental aspects of fossil pollen data that should be considered when undertaking pollen-based climate reconstructions. We then introduce the range of techniques currently available, the history of their development, and the situations in which they can be best employed. We review the literature on how to define robust calibration datasets, produce high-quality reconstructions, and evaluate climate reconstructions, and suggest methods and products that could be developed to facilitate accessibility and global usability. To continue to foster the development and inclusion of pollen climate reconstruction methods, we promote the development of reporting standards. When established, such standards should 1) enable broader application of climate reconstruction techniques, especially in regions where such methods are currently underused, and 2) enable the evaluation and reproduction of individual reconstructions, structuring them for the evolving open-science era, and optimising the use of fossil pollen data as a vital means for the study of past environmental and climatic variability. We also strongly encourage developers and users of palaeoclimate reconstruction methodologies to make associated programming code publicly available, which will further help disseminate these techniques to interested communities.

中文翻译：

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用于晚第四纪研究的基于花粉的气候重建技术

摘要 花粉化石记录是过去植被变化的公认指标。花粉在湖泊、湿地和海洋沉积物等环境环境中的普遍存在，使孢粉学成为数十年来研究全球过去环境和气候变化的最普遍和最有价值的工具之一。一个互补的研究重点是发展统计技术，以从花粉组合中得出气候条件的定量估计。本文回顾了最常用的统计技术及其基本原理，并试图提供一种资源，以促进将它们纳入更多的古气候研究。为此，我们首先解决在进行基于花粉的气候重建时应考虑的化石花粉数据的基本方面。然后，我们将介绍目前可用的技术范围、它们的发展历史以及可以最好地使用它们的情况。我们回顾了有关如何定义稳健校准数据集、生成高质量重建和评估气候重建的文献，并提出了可以开发以促进可访问性和全球可用性的方法和产品。为了继续促进花粉气候重建方法的发展和纳入，我们促进了报告标准的制定。制定后，此类标准应 1) 促进气候重建技术的更广泛应用，尤其是在目前此类方法未充分利用的地区，以及 2) 实现对个别重建的评估和复制，为不断发展的开放科学时代构建它们，优化使用化石花粉数据作为研究过去环境和气候变化的重要手段。我们还强烈鼓励古气候重建方法的开发人员和用户公开相关的编程代码，这将进一步有助于将这些技术传播给感兴趣的社区。