Hydrogels have emerged as promising antimicrobial materials due to their unique three-dimensional structure, which provides sufficient capacity to accommodate various materials, including small molecules, polymers and particles. Coating substrates with antibacterial hydrogel layers has been recognized as an effective strategy to combat bacterial colonization. To prevent possible delamination of hydrogel coatings from substrates, it is crucial to attach hydrogel layers via stronger links, such as covalent bonds. To date, various surface chemical strategies have been developed to introduce hydrogel coatings on different substrates. In this review, we first give a brief introduction of the major strategies for designing antibacterial coatings. Then, we summarize the chemical methods used to fix the antibacterial hydrogel layer on the substrate, which include surface-initiated graft crosslinking polymerization, anchoring the hydrogel layer on the surface during crosslinking, and chemical crosslinking of layer-by-layer coating. The reaction mechanisms of each method and matched pretreatment strategies are systemically documented with the aim of introducing available protocols to researchers in related fields for designing hydrogel-coated antibacterial surfaces.

由于其独特的三维结构，水凝胶已成为有前途的抗菌材料，它提供了足够的能力来容纳各种材料，包括小分子、聚合物和颗粒。用抗菌水凝胶层涂覆基材已被公认为对抗细菌定植的有效策略。为了防止水凝胶涂层可能从基材上分层，通过以下方式连接水凝胶层至关重要更强的联系，例如共价键。迄今为止，已经开发出各种表面化学策略来在不同的基材上引入水凝胶涂层。在这篇综述中，我们首先简要介绍了设计抗菌涂层的主要策略。然后，我们总结了用于将抗菌水凝胶层固定在基材上的化学方法，包括表面引发的接枝交联聚合，在交联过程中将水凝胶层锚定在表面上，以及逐层涂层的化学交联。系统地记录了每种方法的反应机制和匹配的预处理策略，目的是向相关领域的研究人员介绍设计水凝胶涂层抗菌表面的可用方案。