Liming can counteract acidification in forest soils, but the effects on soil C and N pools and fluxes over long periods are less well understood. Replicated plots in an acidic and N-rich 40-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies) forest in SW Sweden (Hasslöv) were treated with 0, 3.45 and 8.75 Mg ha⁻¹ of dolomitic lime (D0, D2 and D3) in 1984. Between 1984 and 2016, soil organic C to 30 cm depth increased by 28 Mg ha⁻¹ (30% increase) in D0 and decreased by 9 Mg ha⁻¹ (9.4% decrease) in D3. The change in D2 was not significant (+ 2 Mg ha⁻¹). Soil N pools changed proportionally to those in soil C pools. The C and N changes occurred almost exclusively in the top organic layer. Non-burrowing earthworms responded positively to liming and stimulated heterotrophic respiration in this layer in both D2 and D3. Burrowing earthworms in D3 further accelerated C and N turnover and loss of soil. The high soil C and N loss at our relatively N-rich site differs from studies of N-poor sites showing no C and N loss. Earthworms need both high pH and N-rich food to reach high abundance and biomass. This can explain why liming of N-rich soils often results in decreasing C and N pools, whereas liming of N-poor soils with few earthworms will not show any change in soil C and N. Extractable nitrate N was always higher in D3 than in D2 and D0. After 6 years (1990), potential nitrification was much higher in D3 (197 kg N ha⁻¹) than in D0 (36 kg N ha⁻¹), but this difference decreased during the following years, when also the unlimed organic layers showed high nitrification potential. Our experiment finds that high-dose liming of acidic N-rich forest soils produces an initial pulse of soil heterotrophic respiration and increases in earthworm biomass, which together cause long-term declines in soil C and N pools.

石灰可以抵消森林土壤中的酸化作用，但对土壤碳和氮库以及长期通量的影响知之甚少。在瑞典西南部（Hasslöv）的一个酸性且富含N的40岁挪威云杉（Picea abies）森林中的重复样地用0、3.45和8.75 Mg ha ^-1的白云质石灰（D0，D2和D3）处理。 1984年。在1984年至2016年之间，D0处30 cm深度的土壤有机碳增加28 Mg ha ^-1（增加30％），而D3减少9 Mg ha ^-1（减少9.4％）。D2的变化不明显（+ 2 Mg ha ^-1）。土壤氮库与土壤碳库成比例地变化。C和N变化几乎仅发生在顶部有机层中。在D2和D3的这一层中，非穴居ing对灰化和刺激异养呼吸具有积极的反应。在D3中挖further进一步加速了C和N的转化以及土壤的流失。在我们相对富氮的土壤中，较高的土壤碳和氮损失与对氮缺乏的土壤研究（表明无碳和氮损失）不同。need既需要高pH值又需要富含氮的食物，以达到高丰度和生物量。这可以解释为什么富氮土壤的石灰化通常会导致碳和氮库减少，而with很少的贫氮土壤的石灰化不会显示土壤碳和氮的任何变化。可萃取硝酸盐氮在D3中始终高于在土壤中。 D2和D0。6年后（1990年），^-1）比D0（36 kg N ha ^-1）大，但此差异在随后的几年中有所减小，此时未浸胶的有机层也显示出很高的硝化潜力。我们的实验发现，高剂量的酸性富含N的森林土壤会产生土壤异养呼吸的初始脉冲并增加worm生物量，这共同导致土壤C和N池的长期下降。