The bacterium Paenibacillus larvae and the mite Varroa destructor are two of the most severe biotic stressors affecting honeybees and are responsible for American foulbrood and varroosis respectively. To control these pathogens, beekeepers regularly apply synthetic acaricides or antibiotics to parasitized hives. However, antibiotic and acaricide overuse over time leads to resistance in bacteria strains and mite populations respectively, not to mention the residual contamination of bee products with these chemicals. The development of alternative and effective control methods of bee diseases is therefore crucial. In recent years, natural substances from plant extracts have emerged as the basis of suitable control methods to treat bee colonies parasitized by both P. larvae and V. destructor. Our aim was to evaluate the bioactivity of ethanolic and methanolic hop leaf extract (species: Humulus lupulus L, varieties: Victoria, Spalt, and Cascade) against P. larvae, V. destructor, and A. mellifera. The bactericidal activity against P. larvae was evaluated by the broth microdilution method. Topical administration protocols were used to determine the bioactivity of hop extracts on V. destructor and A. mellifera. Total polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, and antioxidant capacity were determined for each hop leaf extract tested. The Victoria extract had the highest concentration of phenolic compounds, whereas Cascade and Victoria extracts had higher concentrations of the glycoside saponin. All hop extracts presented low toxicity against A. mellifera bees after 48 h of topical administration (except for Cascade ethanolic extract which reached a maximum of 36% of bee mortality). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values ranged from 0.69 to 2.75 mg/kg for the Cascade variety, 1.38 to 5.5 mg/kg for the Spalt variety, and 5.5 to 11 mg/kg for the Victoria variety. After 48 h, the acaricidal activity for the ethanolic extract of the Victoria variety reached a value close to 80%, while the methanolic extract of Cascade showed an acaricidal activity close to 70%. The results reported in this study support the potential use of methanolic and ethanolic extracts of hop leaves from Argentina as promising natural alternatives for varroosis and American foulbrood control.

细菌类芽孢杆菌幼虫和螨狄斯瓦两种蜜蜂影响最严重的生物应激源，并负责美国幼虫腐臭病和分别varroosis 。为了控制这些病原体，养蜂人定期将合成的杀螨剂或抗生素施用到被寄生的蜂箱中。但是，随着时间的流逝，抗生素和杀螨剂的过度使用会分别导致细菌菌株和螨虫种群的耐药，更不用说这些产品对蜂产品的残留污染了。因此，开发替代和有效控制蜜蜂疾病的方法至关重要。近年来，来自植物提取物的天然物质已经成为治疗被P.幼虫和V. destructor寄生的蜂群的合适控制方法的基础。我们的目的是评估乙醇和甲醇酒花叶提取物（物种：Hum草，品种：Victoria，Spalt和Cascade）的生物活性。P.幼虫，V.破坏者和A. mellifera。通过肉汤微量稀释法评价对幼虫的杀菌活性。局部给药方案用于确定蛇麻草提取物对V. destructor和A. mellifera的生物活性。测定每种啤酒花叶提取物的总多酚，类黄酮，皂苷和抗氧化能力。维多利亚提取物的酚类化合物浓度最高，而喀斯喀特和维多利亚提取物的糖苷皂苷浓度更高。所有蛇麻草提取物对A. mellifera的毒性均较低蜜蜂在局部给药48小时后（级联乙醇提取物最多达到蜜蜂死亡率的36％）。级联品种的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）值范围为0.69至2.75 mg / kg，Spalt品种为1.38至5.5 mg / kg，而维多利亚品种为5.5至11 mg / kg。48小时后，维多利亚品种乙醇提取物的杀螨活性达到接近80％的值，而Cascade甲醇提取物的杀螨活性接近70％。这项研究报告的结果支持阿根廷酒花叶的甲醇和乙醇提取物潜在地用作变色病和美洲臭虫防治的有希望的天然替代品。