Stroke is an event causing a disturbance in cerebral function leading to death and disability worldwide. Both acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are associated with an increased risk of stroke and cerebrovascular events. The underlying mechanistic approach between impaired renal function and stroke is limitedly explored and has attracted researchers to learn more for developing therapeutic intervention. Common risk factors such as hypertension, hyperphosphatemia, atrial fibrillation, arteriosclerosis, hyperhomocysteinemia, blood‐brain barrier disruption, inflammation, etc. are observed in the general population, but are high in renal failure patients. Also, risk factors like bone mineral metabolism, uremic toxins, and anemia, along with the process of dialysis in CKD patients, eventually increases the risk of stroke. Therefore, early detection of risks associated with stroke in CKD is imperative, which may decrease the mortality associated with it. This review highlights mechanisms by which kidney dysfunction can lead to cerebrovascular events and increase the risk of stroke in renal impairment.

中文翻译：

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脑肾相互作用和中风

中风是导致脑功能紊乱的事件，导致全世界范围内的死亡和残疾。急性肾损伤和慢性肾病（CKD）均与中风和脑血管事件的风险增加相关。肾功能受损和中风之间的潜在机制研究得到了有限的探索，并吸引了研究人员学习更多有关开发治疗性干预措施的知识。在一般人群中观察到常见的危险因素，例如高血压，高磷血症，心房纤颤，动脉硬化，高同型半胱氨酸血症，血脑屏障破坏，炎症等，但在肾衰竭患者中较高。另外，CKD患者的骨矿物质代谢，尿毒症毒素和贫血等危险因素以及透析过程最终会增加中风的风险。所以，必须尽早发现与CKD相关的中风风险，这可能会降低与之相关的死亡率。这篇综述着重指出了肾功能不全可导致脑血管事件并增加中风导致肾功能不全的风险的机制。