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Simulation of voltage imbalance in large lithium-ion battery packs influenced by cell-to-cell variations and balancing systems
Journal of Energy Storage ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-26 , DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2020.101828
I. Zilberman , J. Schmitt , S. Ludwig , M. Naumann , A. Jossen

Due to manufacturing tolerances, lithium-ion cells usually suffer from varying capacities, impedances, self-discharge currents and intrinsic aging rates, which are often claimed to be the reason for the voltage imbalance and subsequently deteriorated utilization of the battery pack. However, the true influence of such cell-to-cell variations is still not completely understood. This work presents a lean battery pack modeling approach combined with a holistic Monte Carlo simulation. Using this method, the presented study statistically evaluates how experimentally determined parameters of commercial 18650 nickel-rich/SiC lithium-ion cells influence the voltage drift within a 168s20p battery pack throughout its lifetime. Major degradation mechanisms were represented through the manipulation of the half-cell potentials of the anode and the cathode. A low-DOD cycle profile was used for the aging. Additionally, cell impedance and reversible self-discharge were taken into account. The results obtained in this work reveal that the intrinsic variation of aging rates has the biggest influence on the pack utilization. Furthermore, initial variations of the capacity and impedance of state of the art lithium-ion cells play a rather minor role in the utilization of a battery pack, due to a decrease of the relative variance of cell blocks with cells connected in parallel. Although different self-discharge and aging rates evoked a voltage drift, the utilization of battery packs with and without dissipative balancing remained almost the same, assuming no cells with internal defects were present.



中文翻译:

受单元间差异和平衡系统影响的大型锂离子电池组中电压不平衡的仿真

由于制造公差,锂离子电池通常会遭受容量,阻抗,自放电电流和固有老化率变化的影响,这通常被认为是电压不平衡和随后电池组利用率下降的原因。但是,这种细胞间差异的真正影响仍未完全理解。这项工作提出了一种精益电池组建模方法,并结合了完整的蒙特卡洛模拟。使用此方法,本研究统计地评估了商用18650富镍/ SiC锂离子电池的实验确定参数如何影响168s20p电池组整个寿命内的电压漂移。主要的降解机理是通过操纵阳极和阴极的半电池电位来实现的。低DOD循环曲线用于老化。另外,考虑了电池阻抗和可逆自放电。在这项工作中获得的结果表明,老化率的内在变化对包装利用率有最大的影响。此外,由于减小了并联连接的电池单元的电池块的相对方差,现有技术的锂离子电池的容量和阻抗的初始变化在电池组的使用中起着相当小的作用。尽管不同的自放电和老化率会引起电压漂移,但假设不存在内部缺陷的电池,具有和不具有耗散平衡的电池组的利用率几乎保持不变。考虑了电池阻抗和可逆自放电。在这项工作中获得的结果表明,老化率的内在变化对包装利用率有最大的影响。此外,由于减小了并联连接的电池单元的电池块的相对方差,现有技术的锂离子电池的容量和阻抗的初始变化在电池组的使用中起着相当小的作用。尽管不同的自放电和老化率会引起电压漂移,但假设不存在内部缺陷的电池,具有和不具有耗散平衡的电池组的利用率几乎保持不变。考虑了电池阻抗和可逆自放电。在这项工作中获得的结果表明,老化率的内在变化对包装利用率有最大的影响。此外,由于减小了并联连接的电池单元的电池块的相对方差,现有技术的锂离子电池的容量和阻抗的初始变化在电池组的使用中起着相当小的作用。尽管不同的自放电和老化率会引起电压漂移,但假设不存在内部缺陷的电池,具有和不具有耗散平衡的电池组的利用率几乎保持不变。现有技术的锂离子电池的容量和阻抗的初始变化在电池组的使用中起着相当小的作用,这是由于减小了并联的电池单元的电池块的相对变化。尽管不同的自放电和老化率会引起电压漂移,但假设不存在内部缺陷的电池,具有和不具有耗散平衡的电池组的利用率几乎保持不变。现有技术的锂离子电池的容量和阻抗的初始变化在电池组的使用中起着相当小的作用,这是由于减小了并联的电池单元的电池块的相对变化。尽管不同的自放电和老化率会引起电压漂移,但假设不存在内部缺陷的电池,具有和不具有耗散平衡的电池组的利用率几乎保持不变。

更新日期:2020-09-28
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