Far-Ultraviolet (FUV) radiation greatly exceeds ultraviolet, supernovae and winds in the energy budget of young star clusters but is poorly modeled in galaxy simulations. We present results of the first isolated galaxy disk simulations to include photo-electric heating of gas via dust grains from FUV radiation self-consistently, using a ray-tracing approach that calculates optical depths along the source-receiver sight-line. This is the first science application of the TREVR radiative transfer algorithm. We find that FUV radiation alone cannot regulate star formation. However, FUV radiation produces warm neutral gas and is able to produce regulated galaxies with realistic scale heights. FUV is also a long-range feedback and is more important in the outer disks of galaxies. We also use the super-bubble feedback model, which depends only on the supernova energy per stellar mass, is more physically realistic than common, parameter-driven alternatives and thus better constrains supernova feedback impacts. FUV and supernovae together can regulate star formation without producing too much hot ionized medium and with less disruption to the ISM compared to supernovae alone.

中文翻译：

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恒星形成星系的剖析 II：通过尘埃进行 FUV 加热

在年轻星团的能量收支中，远紫外 (FUV) 辐射大大超过了紫外线、超新星和风，但在星系模拟中建模不佳。我们展示了第一个孤立星系盘模拟的结果，包括通过来自 FUV 辐射的尘埃颗粒自洽地对气体进行光电加热，使用光线追踪方法计算沿源 - 接收器视线的光学深度。这是 TREVR 辐射传输算法的第一个科学应用。我们发现单独的 FUV 辐射不能调节恒星的形成。然而，FUV 辐射会产生温暖的中性气体，并能够产生具有真实比例高度的受调节星系。FUV也是一种长程反馈，在星系外盘中更为重要。我们还使用了超级泡沫反馈模型，仅取决于每个恒星质量的超新星能量，比普通的、参数驱动的替代方案在物理上更现实，因此更好地限制了超新星的反馈影响。与单独的超新星相比，FUV 和超新星一起可以调节恒星的形成，而不会产生过多的热电离介质，并且对 ISM 的破坏更少。