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Virulence of Entomopathogenic Fungi to Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Interactions With Entomopathogenic Nematodes
Journal of Economic Entomology ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-25 , DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa209
Muhammad Usman 1 , Sehrish Gulzar 1 , Waqas Wakil 1 , Shaohui Wu 2 , Jaime C Piñero 3 , Tracy C Leskey 4 , Laura J Nixon 4 , Camila Oliveira-Hofman 5 , Michael D Toews 2 , David Shapiro-Ilan 5
Affiliation  

The objectives of this study were to quantify the virulence of four entomopathogenic fungal species to pupae of Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and to determine the potential to combine entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs) and entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) for biological control of this pest. The four species of EPFs included Beauveria bassiana (strain GHA), Metarhizium brunneum (strain F52), Isaria javanica (wf GA17), and Isaria fumosorosea (Apopka 97 strain). In laboratory assays, all fungi reduced adult emergence but there were no differences between fungal species. Isaria javanica and M. brunneum were examined further in a EPFs and EPNs bioassay that also included the EPNs Steinernema carpocapsae (ALL strain) and S. riobrave (355 strain). All nematodes and fungi were applied either alone or in combination (fungus + nematode). There were no differences between species within the same entomopathogen group (fungi and nematodes). However, the treatment with S. riobrave resulted in lower R. pomonella emergence than either fungal species. The combination of S. riobrave and I. javanica resulted in the lowest R. pomonella emergence (3%) at fourth-week interval, which was significantly lower than any of the single-agent applications, yet virulence of the other three combination treatments was not different from their respective nematode treatments applied alone. Additive interactions were detected for all fungus-nematode combinations. This study suggests that application of entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi could be an effective option to suppress R. pomonella populations.

中文翻译:

昆虫病原真菌对梨果蝇(双翅目:实蝇科)的毒力和与昆虫病原线虫的相互作用

本研究的目的是量化四种昆虫病原真菌物种对桃花螟(Walsh)(双翅目:实蝇科)蛹的毒力,并确定将昆虫病原真菌 (EPF) 和昆虫病原线虫 (EPN) 结合起来进行生物防治的潜力。这种害虫。四种 EPF 包括球孢白僵菌(GHA 菌株)、褐绿僵菌(F52 菌株)、爪哇草(wf GA17)和烟叶蓝藻(Apopka 97 菌株)。在实验室分析中,所有真菌都减少了成虫出现,但真菌物种之间没有差异。在 EPFs 和 EPNs 生物测定中进一步检查了 Isaria javanica 和 M. brunneum,其中还包括 EPNs Steinernema carpocapsae(ALL 菌株)和 S. riobrave(355 菌株)。所有线虫和真菌单独或组合施用(真菌+线虫)。同一昆虫病原体组(真菌和线虫)内的物种之间没有差异。然而,与 S. riobrave 相比,与任一真菌物种相比,用 S. riobrave 处理导致的梨红球菌出现率较低。S. riobrave 和 I. javanica 的组合在第 4 周的间隔导致最低的 R. pomonella 出现 (3%),这显着低于任何单药应用,但其他三种组合处理的毒力是与各自单独应用的线虫处理没有区别。检测到所有真菌-线虫组合的加性相互作用。这项研究表明,昆虫病原线虫和真菌的应用可能是抑制梨梨菌种群的有效选择。然而,与 S. riobrave 相比,与任一真菌物种相比,用 S. riobrave 处理导致的梨红球菌出现率较低。S. riobrave 和 I. javanica 的组合在第 4 周的间隔导致最低的 R. pomonella 出现 (3%),这显着低于任何单药应用,但其他三种组合处理的毒力是与各自单独应用的线虫处理没有区别。检测到所有真菌-线虫组合的加性相互作用。这项研究表明,昆虫病原线虫和真菌的应用可能是抑制梨梨菌种群的有效选择。然而,与 S. riobrave 相比,与任一真菌物种相比,用 S. riobrave 处理导致的梨红球菌出现率较低。S. riobrave 和 I. javanica 的组合在第 4 周的间隔导致最低的 R. pomonella 出现 (3%),这显着低于任何单药应用,但其他三种组合处理的毒力是与各自单独应用的线虫处理没有区别。检测到所有真菌-线虫组合的加性相互作用。该研究表明,昆虫病原线虫和真菌的应用可能是抑制梨梨菌种群的有效选择。pomonella 出现 (3%) 在第四周的时间间隔内显着低于任何单药应用,但其他三种组合处理的毒力与各自单独应用的线虫处理没有区别。检测到所有真菌-线虫组合的加性相互作用。这项研究表明,昆虫病原线虫和真菌的应用可能是抑制梨梨菌种群的有效选择。pomonella 出现 (3%) 在第四周的时间间隔内显着低于任何单药应用,但其他三种组合处理的毒力与各自单独应用的线虫处理没有区别。检测到所有真菌-线虫组合的加性相互作用。这项研究表明,昆虫病原线虫和真菌的应用可能是抑制梨梨菌种群的有效选择。
更新日期:2020-09-25
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