Knowledge and understanding about the impact of cumulative adverse experiences on the health and wellbeing of children, adolescents, and adults has rapidly expanded over the past 30 years. Despite the invaluable attention and support this proliferation has drawn to the importance of early childhood experiences, we believe that it is time to move beyond broad indices of risk and toward more specific and individualized understanding of how risk exposures are linked to clinical outcomes in young children. Within infant and early childhood mental health, there is a need for greater specificity in linking adverse caregiving experiences in early life to psychopathology in children. We highlight a framework distinguishing experiences of trauma from experiences of deprivation and use the examples of posttraumatic stress disorder and reactive attachment disorder to demonstrate how greater specificity in our understanding of early adverse caregiving can lead to more accurate and targeted diagnosis and treatment for young children. Both researchers and clinicians benefit from an approach to gain a greater appreciation of the links between specific types of experiences and outcomes in the children that we serve.

中文翻译：

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早年的不良照料：幼儿的创伤和剥夺区别

在过去的 30 年中，关于累积不良经历对儿童、青少年和成人的健康和福祉的影响的知识和理解迅速扩大。尽管这种扩散已经引起了幼儿体验的重要性的宝贵关注和支持，但我们认为现在是时候超越广泛的风险指数，更具体和个性化地了解风险暴露如何与幼儿的临床结果相关联. 在婴儿和幼儿心理健康方面，需要更加具体地将早期生活中的不良照料经历与儿童的精神病理学联系起来。我们强调了一个区分创伤经历和剥夺经历的框架，并使用创伤后应激障碍和反应性依恋障碍的例子来证明我们对早期不良照料的理解的更大特异性如何可以为幼儿带来更准确和有针对性的诊断和治疗。研究人员和临床医生都受益于一种方法，可以更好地了解我们所服务的儿童的特定类型的经历与结果之间的联系。