Dissotis has long been regarded as the most species‐rich genus of African Melastomataceae, yet its diagnostic characters have never been examined in an explicitly phylogenetic context. In a previous study, we recovered a large clade consisting of “Dissotis and allies” but with poorly understood generic limits. Here we present a nearly complete phylogeny of African Melastomateae with focus on Dissotis and allies using sequences generated from two nuclear (nrETS, nrITS) and two plastid markers (ndhF, psbK‐psbL), sampling 94 accessions representing 69 species including outgroups. We infer phylogenetic relationships using maximum likelihood, parsimony and Bayesian approaches and propose a revised generic classification of Dissotis and allies based on our molecular trees. In addition, we reconstruct the ancestral state of 20 important morphological characters of African Melastomateae. Dissotis and Antherotoma as previously circumscribed are polyphyletic, while all four of the previously recognised sections of Dissotis subg. Dissotis are monophyletic (i.e., sections Dissotis, Macrocarpae, Sessilifoliae and Squamulosae). We also recovered a clade consisting of D. congolensis, A. senegambiensis, A. clandestina and Nerophila gentianoides plus the species earlier treated in African Osbeckia. Ancestral character reconstruction indicates there are no unambiguous morphological synapomorphies for Dissotis s.l. In particular, the character of staminal dimorphism is shown to be homoplasious. However, the individual clades making up Dissotis and allies are each diagnosed by one to several morphological characters. In view of these results, we propose the following changes for the classification of African Melastomateae: (1) five new genera are described, Almedanthus (for Dissotis pachytricha), Eleotis (for D. sect. Sessilifoliae), Feliciotis (for D. sect. Macrocarpae), Pyrotis (for D. gilgiana) and Rosettea (for D. sect. Squamulosae); (2) the genus Nerophila is reinstated with an expanded circumscription to include Antherotoma senegambiensis, A. clandestina, D. congolensis, D. pauciflora and three species earlier treated in African Osbeckia; (3) circumscription of Dissotis s.str. is reduced to six species; (4) the monospecific genus Derosiphia is reinstated; and (5) two species previously placed in Dissotis are transferred to Antherotoma. To complete our generic realignment, 12 new synonyms and 58 new combinations are effected at or below the species level. A total of 40 lecto‐ or neotypes are designated. A revised key is provided for African Melastomateae, including all nine genera presently recognised in Dissotis and allies. Dissotis leonensis (type and only species of D. subg. Paleodissotis) together with the monospecific Cailliella and Dionychastrum remain unsampled.

中文翻译：

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迈向非洲黑菊科的完整系统发育：Dissotis和盟友的系统学（Melastomataceae）

长期以来，Dissotis被认为是非洲淡色菊科中物种最多的属，但从未在明确的系统发育背景下对其诊断特征进行过研究。在先前的研究中，我们回收了由“迪索蒂斯和盟友”组成的大型进化枝，但对通用限制的了解却很少。在这里，我们使用两个核（nrETS，nrITS）和两个质体标记（ndhF，psbK-psbL）产生的序列，展示了非洲淡水龙科近乎完整的系统发育，重点是Dissotis和盟友，对代表69个物种（包括外群）的94种材料进行了采样。我们使用最大似然，简约和贝叶斯方法推断系统发育关系，并提出了修订的通用分类Dissotis和同盟基于我们的分子树。此外，我们重建了非洲黑素茶树的20个重要形态特征的祖先状态。先前限定的Dissotis和Antherotoma是多系的，而Dissotis先前识别的所有四个部分都属于亚种。Dissotis是单系（即，部分Dissotis，Macrocarpae，Sessilifoliae和Squamulosae）。我们还回收了由刚果金线虫（D. congolensis），塞纳比克线虫（A. senegambiensis），黑线菌（A. clandestina）和龙胆Nerophila gentianoides组成的进化枝加上较早在非洲波斯菊中治疗的物种。祖先特征重建表明Dissotis sl没有明确的形态突触。特别是，耐力二态性表现为同质。但是，组成Dissotis和同盟者的各个进化枝都可以通过一个到几个形态特征进行诊断。鉴于这些结果，我们提出了非洲Melastomateae的分类如下变化：（1）五个新属描述，Almedanthus（用于Dissotis pachytricha），Eleotis（为D.。教派Sessilifoliae），Feliciotis（对于d节。Macrocarpae），Pyrotis（为D. gilgiana）和Rosettea（为D.节Squamulosae）; （2）属Nerophila与膨胀界限恢复到包括Antherotoma senegambiensis，A. clandestina，D.刚果嗜，D.少花和3种非洲早期治疗朝天; （3）Dissotis s.str。减少到六种；（4）蝇属单特异性属恢复；（5）将先前放置在Dissotis中的两个物种转移到Antherotoma中。为了完成我们的通用重组，在物种级别或以下级别实现了12个新的同义词和58个新的组合。总共指定了40种电选型或新型。为非洲黑素菌提供了修订的密钥，包括目前在Dissotis和盟友中公认的所有九属。Dissotis leonensis（类型和的唯一种D. SUBG。Paleodissotis）与单特异性一起Cailliella和Dionychastrum保持非抽样。