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Internal erosion of soil pipes: Sediment rating curves for soil pipes
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-26 , DOI: 10.1002/esp.5009 G.V. Wilson 1 , M. Ursic 1 , G.A. Fox 2 , John L. Nieber 3
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-26 , DOI: 10.1002/esp.5009 G.V. Wilson 1 , M. Ursic 1 , G.A. Fox 2 , John L. Nieber 3
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The collapse of soil pipes due to internal erosion can result in fully mature gullies. Few studies have measured the rates of sediment detachment and transport through soil pipes in situ. The objectives of this work were to determine suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in soil pipes as a function of pipeflow rate to develop sediment rating curves (SRC) and measure the bedload transport as a function of cumulative flow per storm event. H‐flumes were installed in seven discontinuous gullies formed by pipe collapse and instrumented for pipe discharge measurements and suspended sediment sampling. The typical response to pipeflow was an initial flush of high concentration of suspended sediment followed by a decrease as pipeflow increased (rising limb of hydrograph). Pipeflows were often so dynamic that it was difficult to consistently capture the initial flush of sediment, resulting in weak to non‐existent SRCs. The falling limb of the hydrograph tended to have a relatively low SSC. Thus, soil pipe SRCs tended to be better represented by hysteretic SRCs, although relationships between SSC and flow rate were poorly represented by SRCs. A power law equation given by SSC = aQb was adopted to represent the SRC relationships. Fitting this equation to data showed a correlation between the offset, a, and the slope, b, with the slope decreasing as the offset increases. Both SRC parameters (a and b) were correlated to the contributing area of the individual pipe. Bedload appeared to be an important contributor to sediment transport, with bedload – expressed as an average event sediment concentration (mg l−1) – decreasing as the volume of the event discharge (m3) increased. A significant portion (11–31%) of the bedload material was gravel and aggregates (>2 mm diameter material). While this work was the first to determine SRCs for soil pipes, refined sampling and measurement techniques are needed. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
中文翻译：
土管的内部侵蚀：土管的泥沙等级曲线
由于内部侵蚀而导致的土壤管坍塌可能导致完全成熟的沟壑。很少有研究测量沉积物在原位通过土壤管道的分离和传输速率。。这项工作的目的是确定土管中的悬浮泥沙浓度（SSC）与管道流速的关系，以开发出泥沙等级曲线（SRC），并根据每次暴风雨事件的累积流量来测量河床输沙量。将H型水槽安装在由管道塌陷形成的七个不连续的沟渠中，并用于测量管道流量和悬浮泥沙采样。对管道流量的典型响应是高浓度的悬浮沉积物最初冲刷，然后随着管道流量的增加而减少（水位仪的上升肢）。管道流动常常是动态的，以至于难以始终如一地捕获沉积物的初始冲刷，从而导致SRC弱至不存在。水文垂线的下降趋势往往具有较低的SSC。从而，滞后型SRC较好地代表了土壤管SRC，尽管SRC很难表示出SSC与流量之间的关系。SSC给出的幂定律方程= aQ b被用来表示SRC关系。将该方程拟合到数据显示偏移量a和斜率b之间的相关性，斜率随着偏移量的增加而减小。两个SRC参数（a和b）都与单个管道的作用面积相关。床载量似乎是造成泥沙输送的重要因素，床载量表示为平均事件沉积物浓度（mg l -1）–随着事件排放量的减少（m 3） 增加。床载材料的很大一部分（11-31％）是砾石和骨料（直径> 2 mm的材料）。尽管这项工作是首次确定土壤管道的SRC，但仍需要完善的采样和测量技术。分级为4 +©2020 John Wiley＆Sons，Ltd.
更新日期：2020-09-26
中文翻译：
土管的内部侵蚀：土管的泥沙等级曲线
由于内部侵蚀而导致的土壤管坍塌可能导致完全成熟的沟壑。很少有研究测量沉积物在原位通过土壤管道的分离和传输速率。。这项工作的目的是确定土管中的悬浮泥沙浓度（SSC）与管道流速的关系，以开发出泥沙等级曲线（SRC），并根据每次暴风雨事件的累积流量来测量河床输沙量。将H型水槽安装在由管道塌陷形成的七个不连续的沟渠中，并用于测量管道流量和悬浮泥沙采样。对管道流量的典型响应是高浓度的悬浮沉积物最初冲刷，然后随着管道流量的增加而减少（水位仪的上升肢）。管道流动常常是动态的，以至于难以始终如一地捕获沉积物的初始冲刷，从而导致SRC弱至不存在。水文垂线的下降趋势往往具有较低的SSC。从而，滞后型SRC较好地代表了土壤管SRC，尽管SRC很难表示出SSC与流量之间的关系。SSC给出的幂定律方程= aQ b被用来表示SRC关系。将该方程拟合到数据显示偏移量a和斜率b之间的相关性，斜率随着偏移量的增加而减小。两个SRC参数（a和b）都与单个管道的作用面积相关。床载量似乎是造成泥沙输送的重要因素，床载量表示为平均事件沉积物浓度（mg l -1）–随着事件排放量的减少（m 3） 增加。床载材料的很大一部分（11-31％）是砾石和骨料（直径> 2 mm的材料）。尽管这项工作是首次确定土壤管道的SRC，但仍需要完善的采样和测量技术。分级为4 +©2020 John Wiley＆Sons，Ltd.
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