Combining qualitative and quantitative methods and data is crucial to understanding the complex dynamics and often interdisciplinary nature of conservation. While many conservation studies use mixed methods, there are a variety of approaches, a lack of shared vocabulary, and few developed methodological frameworks. Here, we review papers from two conservation-related fields that often incorporate qualitative and quantitative methods: land change science (n = 16) and environmental management (n = 16). We examine how these studies approach mixed methods research by coding key methodological characteristics, including relationships between method objectives, extent of integration, iterative interactions between methods, and justification for using mixed methods. Using these characteristics, we create a typology that allows us to understand how researchers studying land change science and environmental management approach interdisciplinary mixed methods research. Our resulting typology includes 5 types: simple nested, informed nested, simple parallel, unidirectional synthesis, and bidirectional synthesis. In our sample, methods and data sources were often methodologically siloed and used to address different research questions within the project. Around half of the reviewed papers methodologically integrated different forms of data, with most using one method to inform the other (rather than both informing one another). Very few papers used methodological iteration. We address epistemological implications of each methodological type to conservation research and outcomes. To help fill the research gap our results identify, we additionally present an example methodological framework that bidirectionally integrates and iterates qualitative and quantitative methods. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

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土地变化科学与环境管理中跨学科混合方法研究的途径

结合定性和定量方法和数据对于理解保护的复杂动态和跨学科性质至关重要。虽然许多保护研究使用混合方法，但方法多种多样，缺乏共同的词汇，而且很少有成熟的方法论框架。在这里，我们回顾了两个与保护相关的领域的论文，这些领域通常采用定性和定量方法：土地变化科学（n = 16）和环境管理（n = 16）。我们通过编码关键的方法学特征来研究这些研究如何处理混合方法研究，包括方法目标之间的关系、整合程度、方法之间的迭代交互以及使用混合方法的理由。利用这些特性，我们创建了一个类型学，使我们能够了解研究土地变化科学和环境管理的研究人员如何采用跨学科混合方法研究。我们得到的类型学包括 5 种类型：简单嵌套、知情嵌套、简单并行、单向综合和双向综合。在我们的样本中，方法和数据源通常在方法上是孤立的，用于解决项目中的不同研究问题。大约一半的评论论文在方法上整合了不同形式的数据，其中大多数使用一种方法来通知另一种（而不是两种方法相互通知）。很少有论文使用方法论迭代。我们解决了每种方法类型对保护研究和结果的认识论影响。为了帮助填补我们的结果确定的研究空白，我们还提供了一个示例方法框架，它双向集成和迭代定性和定量方法。本文受版权保护。版权所有。