International trends currently favour greater use of mandatory immunization. There has been little academic consideration or comparison of the existence and scope of mandatory immunization internationally. In this paper, we examine mandatory immunization in 28 Global NITAG (National Immunization Technical Advisory Group) Network (GNN) countries, including countries from every WHO region and World Bank income level classification. We found that although mandatory immunization programs, or mandatory elements within broader immunization programs, are relatively common, jurisdictions vary significantly with respect to the immunizations required, population groups affected, grounds for exemptions, and penalties for non-compliance. We also observed some loose associations with geography and income level. Based on these data, we categorized policies into a spectrum ranging from Narrow to Broad scope.

目前的国际趋势有利于更多地使用强制免疫。国际上很少对强制免疫的存在和范围进行学术考虑或比较。在本文中，我们研究了 28 个全球 NITAG（国家免疫技术咨询小组）网络 (GNN) 国家/地区的强制免疫接种情况，包括来自每个 WHO 区域和世界银行收入水平分类的国家/地区。我们发现，尽管强制免疫计划或更广泛的免疫计划中的强制性要素相对普遍，但在所需的免疫接种、受影响的人群、豁免理由和违规处罚方面，司法管辖区存在显着差异。我们还观察到一些与地理和收入水平的松散关联。基于这些数据，