Abstract The aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) producing mould, Aspergillus flavus, is spread to more northern regions with global warming. AFB1 can cause genotoxicity, oxidative stress, immunosuppression, and necrosis in the liver, kidney, and muscles in vertebrates, but the effect on invertebrates is not well known. Folsomia candida (Collembola) is a cosmopolitan species and could be easily bred in the laboratory because of its parthenogenetic reproduction. The aim of the present study was to determine whether AFB1 has a toxic effect on survival and reproduction. Also, we wanted to answer the question of whether the animals prefer to feed on A. flavus or yeast. Furthermore, we wanted to determine whether the animals avoid the aflatoxin-contaminated soil or not. The mortality did not increase because of AFB1, but the reproduction was impaired. In addition, the animals fed on AFB1 contaminated maize but did not prefer it compared to yeast. Moreover, the animals did not avoid the contaminated AFB1 soil. They even preferred it most probably, because A. flavus could be high-quality food if the animals consume the not toxin producer hyphae; because of that, the animals could have tried to consume the contaminated hyphae too. In conclusion, AFB1 contaminated maize is not recommended to be used as green manure in the soil in a native state. Alternative solutions could be the use of mycotoxin contaminated maize as biogas.

中文翻译：

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黄曲霉毒素污染的玉米对念珠菌（Colembola）的影响

摘要 随着全球变暖，产生黄曲霉毒素B1 (AFB1) 的霉菌黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus) 传播到更北部地区。AFB1可引起脊椎动物肝脏、肾脏和肌肉的基因毒性、氧化应激、免疫抑制和坏死，但对无脊椎动物的影响尚不清楚。Folsomia candida (Collembola) 是一种世界性物种，由于其孤雌生殖，可以很容易地在实验室中繁殖。本研究的目的是确定 AFB1 是否对生存和繁殖有毒性作用。此外，我们想回答动物是否更喜欢以黄曲霉或酵母为食的问题。此外，我们想确定动物是否避开被黄曲霉毒素污染的土壤。由于AFB1，死亡率没有增加，但繁殖受到损害。此外，以 AFB1 污染的玉米为食的动物，但与酵母相比不喜欢它。此外，动物没有避开受污染的 AFB1 土壤。他们甚至很可能更喜欢它，因为如果动物食用不产生毒素的菌丝，黄曲霉可能是高质量的食物。因此，这些动物也可能试图食用受污染的菌丝。总之，不建议在原生状态下将 AFB1 污染的玉米用作土壤中的绿肥。替代解决方案可能是使用受霉菌毒素污染的玉米作为沼气。因此，这些动物也可能试图食用受污染的菌丝。总之，不建议在原生状态下将 AFB1 污染的玉米用作土壤中的绿肥。替代解决方案可能是使用受霉菌毒素污染的玉米作为沼气。因此，这些动物也可能试图食用受污染的菌丝。总之，不建议在原生状态下将 AFB1 污染的玉米用作土壤中的绿肥。替代解决方案可能是使用受霉菌毒素污染的玉米作为沼气。