Clay minerals are important reactive centers in the soil system. Their interactions with microorganisms are ubiquitous and wide-ranging, affecting growth and function, interactions with other organisms, including plants, biogeochemical processes and the fate of organic and inorganic pollutants. Clay minerals have a large specific surface area and cation exchange capacity (CEC) per unit mass, and are abundant in many soil systems, especially those of agricultural significance. They can adsorb microbial cells, exudates, and enzymes, organic and inorganic chemical species, nutrients, and contaminants, and stabilize soil organic matter. Bacterial modification of clays appears to be primarily due to biochemical mechanisms, while fungi can exhibit both biochemical and biomechanical mechanisms, the latter aided by their exploratory filamentous growth habit. Such interactions between microorganisms and clays regulate many critical environmental processes, such as soil development and transformation, the formation of soil aggregates, and the global cycling of multiple elements. Applications of biomodified clay minerals are of relevance to the fields of both agricultural management and environmental remediation. This review provides an overview of the interactions between bacteria, fungi and clay minerals, considers some important gaps in current knowledge, and indicates perspectives for future research.

粘土矿物是土壤系统中重要的反应中心。它们与微生物的相互作用无处不在且范围广泛，影响生长和功能、与包括植物在内的其他生物的相互作用、生物地球化学过程以及有机和无机污染物的归宿。粘土矿物具有较大的比表面积和单位质量的阳离子交换容量 (CEC)，在许多土壤系统中含量丰富，尤其是具有农业意义的土壤系统。它们可以吸附微生物细胞、渗出物和酶、有机和无机化学物质、养分和污染物，并稳定土壤有机质。粘土的细菌改性似乎主要是由于生化机制，而真菌可以同时表现出生化和生物力学机制，后者得益于它们探索性的丝状生长习性。微生物和粘土之间的这种相互作用调节了许多关键的环境过程，例如土壤发育和转化、土壤团聚体的形成以及多种元素的全球循环。生物改性粘土矿物的应用与农业管理和环境修复领域都相关。本综述概述了细菌、真菌和粘土矿物之间的相互作用，考虑了当前知识中的一些重要空白，并指出了未来研究的前景。生物改性粘土矿物的应用与农业管理和环境修复领域都相关。本综述概述了细菌、真菌和粘土矿物之间的相互作用，考虑了当前知识中的一些重要空白，并指出了未来研究的前景。生物改性粘土矿物的应用与农业管理和环境修复领域都相关。本综述概述了细菌、真菌和粘土矿物之间的相互作用，考虑了当前知识中的一些重要空白，并指出了未来研究的前景。