Most cervical cancer (CxCa) are related to persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in the cervical mucosa, suggesting that an induction of mucosal cell-mediated immunity against HR-HPV oncoproteins can be a promising strategy to fight HPV-associated CxCa. From this perspective, many pre-clinical and clinical trials have proved the potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) genetically modified to deliver recombinant antigens to induce mucosal, humoral and cellular immunity in the host. Altogether, the outcomes of these studies suggest that there are several key factors to consider that may offer guidance on improvement protein yield and improving immune response. Overall, these findings showed that oral LAB-based mucosal HPV vaccines expressing inducible surface-anchored antigens display a higher potential to induce particularly specific systemic and mucosal cytotoxic cellular immune responses. In this review, we describe all LAB-based HPV vaccine investigations by reviewing databases from international studies between 2000 and 2020. Our aim is to promote the therapeutic HPV vaccines knowledge and to complete the gaps in this field to empower scientists worldwide to make proper decisions regarding the best strategies for the development of therapeutic HPV vaccines.

大多数宫颈癌（CxCa）与宫颈粘膜中高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HR-HPV）的持续感染有关，这表明诱导粘膜细胞介导的针对HR-HPV癌蛋白的免疫力可能是对抗HPV的有前途的策略相关的CxCa。从这个角度出发，许多临床前和临床试验都证明了经过基因修饰的乳酸菌（LAB）可以传递重组抗原，从而在宿主体内诱导粘膜，体液和细胞免疫。总而言之，这些研究的结果表明，需要考虑几个关键因素，这些因素可以为提高蛋白质产量和改善免疫反应提供指导。总体，这些发现表明，表达可诱导的表面锚定抗原的基于口服LAB的粘膜HPV疫苗具有更高的潜力，可诱导特别特异性的全身和粘膜细胞毒性细胞免疫反应。在这篇综述中，我们通过回顾2000年至2020年之间国际研究的数据库，描述了所有基于LAB的HPV疫苗研究。我们的目的是增进治疗性HPV疫苗的知识，并填补这一领域的空白，以使全世界的科学家有能力做出适当的决定。关于开发治疗性HPV疫苗的最佳策略。