Molten silicate slags with transition metal oxides roles the accelerated oxidation and decarburization of steel. In 1978 to 1990, Sasabe et al. measured the flow rate of oxygen permeating through molten slags and realized the marvelous increase of the flow rate by 10¹⁰ times by the addition of only 0.2 mass% iron oxide to molten silicate slags. The permeability coefficient of oxygen of molten slags as a physical property is calculated from the flow rate of oxygen. The marvelous increase is interpreted as oxygen transfer through slag like a ball thrust, that is caused by the redox reaction of oxygen at both surfaces and the move of all ions in slag under electric field generated by oxygen potential gradient.

具有过渡金属氧化物的熔融硅酸盐炉渣可促进钢的氧化和脱碳。1978年至1990年，Sasabe等人。通过测量渗透到熔融炉渣中的氧气的流速，并通过在熔融硅酸盐炉渣中仅添加0.2质量％的氧化铁，实现了10到¹⁰倍的惊人的流速增加。从氧气的流量计算出作为物理性质的熔融炉渣的氧气的渗透系数。惊人的增加被解释为氧气像球推力一样通过渣传递，这是由于氧气在两个表面上的氧化还原反应以及炉渣中所有离子在氧势梯度产生的电场下的移动所引起的。