Although the development of effective vaccines has saved countless lives from infectious diseases, the basic workings of the human immune system are complex and have required the development of animal models, such as inbred mice, to define mechanisms of immunity. More recently, new strategies and technologies have been developed to directly explore the human immune system with unprecedented precision. We discuss how these approaches are advancing our mechanistic understanding of human immunology and are facilitating the development of vaccines and therapeutics for infection, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.

中文翻译：

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人类免疫学科学与医学

尽管有效疫苗的开发挽救了无数人的生命，使他们免遭传染病的侵害，但人类免疫系统的基本工作原理很复杂，需要开发近交小鼠等动物模型来定义免疫机制。最近，已经开发出新的策略和技术，以前所未有的精度直接探索人体免疫系统。我们讨论这些方法如何促进我们对人类免疫学的机制理解，并促进感染、自身免疫性疾病和癌症的疫苗和治疗方法的开发。