Shore seines are the age-old fishing gear in all the continents and are operated from the shore to encircle a school of fish in shallow waters. Operation of Karamadi or kambavala is a waning practice along the southwest coast of Kerala. The structure and design of this traditional gear has been poorly documented. The key aspects covered in this study include the documentation of design, operation and catch composition of shore seines. The presence of cod end with a funnel to prevent the catch escapement is a characteristic feature of this gear. Other significant features of Karamadi are the limited use of energy, low discards and bycatch and the use of bio-degradable materials in the fabrication of the gear. Technical improvements and the introduction of measures for the reduction of juvenile catches in shore seine are needed and this can lead to better sustainability and the management of fishery which is a source for livelihood of the traditional fisher folk in the southwest coast of India.

中文翻译：

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Karamadi-印度西南海岸喀拉拉邦沿海围网作业的减弱做法

沿岸围网是所有大陆上古老的渔具，从岸上作业以围成一排浅水鱼群。操作Karamadi或kambavala是沿着喀拉拉邦的西南海岸在衰落的做法。这种传统齿轮的结构和设计文献很少。这项研究涵盖的关键方面包括海岸围网的设计，运营和渔获组成的文件。带有一个防止漏斗逸出的漏斗的鳕鱼尾是该渔具的一大特色。Karamadi的其他重要功能齿轮制造过程中能源使用受限，丢弃率低，副产品少，以及可生物降解材料的使用。需要进行技术改进并采取减少海岸围网捕捞少年的措施，这可以导致更好的可持续性和渔业管理，这是印度西南沿海传统渔民的生计来源。