BACKGROUND:The native Chilean white strawberry (Fragaria chiloensis ssp. chiloensis f. chiloensis) is a semi-domesticated crop that has a characteristic aroma and flavor and a low production in southern Chile. However, edaphoclimatic conditions can influence on fruit quality attributes and its health benefits. Establishing a link between seasonal changes and aroma or biological activity require detailed research in exploring bioactive compounds. OBJECTIVE:The present work assessed how seasonal and local changes varied the content of bioactive compounds and therefore change their aromatic quality and the response of biological activity. METHODS:White Strawberry from two seasons and two locations were investigated; FCC1, FCC2 (Fragaria chiloensis from Contulmo, 2017 and 2018 season, respectively), FCP1, FCP2 (F. chiloensis from Purén, 2017 and 2018 season, respectively). Measurement of changes on volatile compounds were studied by SPME/GC-MS. Analyses of variations on phenolic compounds were investigated by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn with total polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity by using DPPH • and ORAC assays by spectrophotometric and fluorimetric methods. The relationship between different concentrations of compounds and in vitro biological activity including inhibitory tests for α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase were analyzed. RESULTS:In the fruit extracts, 38 volatiles and 27 phenolic compounds were identified detecting differences among the samples, being affected by climatic conditions and location. The total content of ellagic acid and its derivatives was 6.54 mg 100 g–1 FW for FCC1, showing statistical differences with respect to the rest strawberries. Nonetheless, the antioxidant capacity tests revealed high antioxidant capacity for all samples, being FCP2 the significantly highest activity (3314μmol Trolox 100 g–1 FW by DPPH • assay) compared to the rest of locations and seasons. Additional inhibitory tests α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase showed statistically differences due to seasonal and location changes where was observed higher ellagic acid derivates content and bioactivity. The Chilean white strawberry extracts were effective inhibitors of α-glucosidase (non-competitive) and acetylcholinesterase (competitive) activities, respectively, presenting FCC1 the most potent inhibitory effects. CONCLUSIONS:A higher ellagic acid content in Chilean white strawberry, affected by seasonal and location changes, influenced on the biological activity potential. Therefore, the relatively high antioxidant capacity, phytochemical composition and biological activity potential, of these aromatic fruits, offer a great opportunity for the rural developments, however it will be necessary to implement good practices that would guarantee batch-to-batch replicability for quality and composition of these foods for the future.

中文翻译：

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白草莓的季节变化：对香气，酚类化合物及其生物学活性的影响

背景：智利本土的白色草莓（Fragaria chiloensis ssp。chiloensis f。chiloensis）是一种半驯化的农作物，具有独特的香气和风味，在智利南部的产量较低。但是，气候条件不利于果实品质属性及其健康益处。在季节性变化与香气或生物活性之间建立联系需要对生物活性化合物进行探索的详细研究。目的：本研究评估了季节性和局部变化如何改变生物活性化合物的含量，从而改变其芳香质量和生物活性的响应。方法：调查了两个季节和两个地点的白草莓。FCC1，FCC2（分别来自Contulmo的草莓，2017季），FCP1，FCP2（来自普伦的芝。2017和2018赛季）。通过SPME / GC-MS研究了挥发性化合物的变化。采用分光光度法和荧光法，通过DPPH•和ORAC分析，通过HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn对总酚含量和抗氧化能力进行了分析。分析了不同浓度化合物与体外生物活性之间的关系，包括对α-葡萄糖苷酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制试验。结果：在水果提取物中，鉴定出38种挥发物和27种酚类化合物，检测到样品之间的差异，并受气候条件和位置的影响。FCC1的鞣花酸及其衍生物的总含量为6.54 mg 100 g–1 FW，相对于其余草莓而言，显示出统计学差异。尽管如此，抗氧化能力测试显示所有样品均具有较高的抗氧化能力，与其余地方和季节相比，FCP2的活性最高（通过DPPH•分析得出的3314μmolTrolox 100 g–1 FW）。其他抑制试验α-葡萄糖苷酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶显示出由于季节和位置变化而产生的统计学差异，其中观察到较高的鞣花酸衍生物含量和生物活性。智利白草莓提取物分别是α-葡萄糖苷酶（非竞争性）和乙酰胆碱酯酶（竞争性）活性的有效抑制剂，对FCC1的抑制作用最强。结论：智利白草莓中较高的鞣花酸含量受季节和位置变化的影响，影响了其生物活性。因此，