Industrial agents (IAs) [1] are multiagentbased systems (MASs) [2] that, for many years, have been advocated as a promising and realistic solution for an emerging set of industrial challenges. In the past, MASs fell into the scope of enterprise agility [3]-[8], and now, more than ever, pertain to the industrial digital transformation and sustainability spheres. MAS technology is being applied to several industrial applications in the cyber-physical system (CPS) context, namely, in smart production, smart electric grids, smart logistics, and smart health care [9]. To understand the future potential of IAs, one must first have a sufficiently concise view of the past and present efforts, i.e., understand their early applications and current directions. Such a view is necessary because, over the last decades, the concept of the IA has proven to be a bit of a moving target, adjusting to the needs, visions, and technologies of each era.

中文翻译：

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工业代理作为实现工业信息物理系统的关键推动因素：多代理系统进入工业 4.0

工业代理 (IA) [1] 是基于多代理的系统 (MAS) [2]，多年来，它一直被认为是应对一系列新兴工业挑战的有前途和现实的解决方案。过去，MAS 属于企业敏捷性 [3]-[8] 的范围，现在比以往任何时候都更涉及工业数字化转型和可持续发展领域。MAS 技术正在网络物理系统 (CPS) 环境中应用于多个工业应用，即智能生产、智能电网、智能物流和智能医疗 [9]。要了解IAs的未来潜力，首先必须对过去和现在的努力有一个足够简洁的看法，即了解它们的早期应用和当前方向。这种观点是必要的，因为在过去的几十年里，