Breast cancer is considered a leading health problem, especially in women, and is a major contributor to the annual worldwide cancer mortality rate. Various drawbacks and a range of side effects are faced by cancer patients undergoing the conventional cancer therapy methods that do not always result in positive and successful outcomes. Current research introducing nanomaterials into in vivo breast cancer therapy applications has revolutionized various aspects of these therapies. These include conjugating natural compounds onto nanoparticles (NPs) such as curcumin that exhibit chemopreventive activity, and controlled drug release targeting specific organs or tumor sites, thereby reducing the side effects otherwise caused by conventional cancer therapy. Recently, folate-tagged gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are proving to be the leading nanocarriers used in cancer treatment and detection and can also be combined with different therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and photothermal therapy. The development of such nano-based systems possessing enzyme mimetic properties, blood compatibility, and the ability to differentiate between normal cells and cancer cell properties deems them suitable for in vivo applications and have attracted enormous attention for devising early detection and diagnosis for breast cancer. In this review, we will discuss recent progress in the use of curcumin as a chemopreventive drug in cancer therapy and review the different routes in use for the synthesis and functionalization of Au NPs. Finally, we will review the current state of research with respect to curcumin and folic acid-conjugated Au NPs and their applications in detection, diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer.

中文翻译：

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叶酸姜黄素金纳米制剂：乳腺癌治疗的纳米治疗策略

乳腺癌被认为是一个主要的健康问题，尤其是在女性中，并且是导致全球每年癌症死亡率的主要因素。接受传统癌症治疗方法的癌症患者面临各种缺点和一系列副作用，这些方法并不总是会产生积极和成功的结果。目前将纳米材料引入体内乳腺癌治疗应用的研究已经彻底改变了这些治疗的各个方面。这些包括将天然化合物结合到纳米颗粒 (NP) 上，例如具有化学预防活性的姜黄素，以及针对特定器官或肿瘤部位的受控药物释放，从而减少传统癌症治疗引起的副作用。最近，叶酸标记的金纳米粒子 (AuNPs) 被证明是用于癌症治疗和检测的领先纳米载体，也可以与不同的疗法相结合，如化学疗法、放射疗法和光热疗法。这种具有酶模拟特性、血液相容性以及区分正常细胞和癌细胞特性的能力的纳米系统的开发被认为适用于体内应用，并在设计乳腺癌的早期检测和诊断方面引起了极大的关注。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论姜黄素作为癌症治疗化学预防药物的最新进展，并回顾用于合成和功能化 Au NPs 的不同途径。最后，