The conventional solid state reaction method was used to prepare Er3+ activated ZnTiO3-Zn2TiO4 composite phosphor. The structure, particle morphology, absorption, and photoluminescent properties were analyzed using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectrometer, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, respectively. The XRD confirmed the crystallization of mixed hexagonal ZnTiO3 and cubic spinel Zn2TiO4 phases. The SEM data showed that the prepared phosphor was made up of faceted hexagons. Furthermore, the phosphor was excited in the near-infrared (NIR) region using a laser diode with a wavelength of 980 nm, and the corresponding up-conversion emission lines were observed in the visible range at 543, 553, and 650–670 nm, associated with the 2H11/2 → 4I15/2, 4S1/2 → 4I15/2, and 4F9/2 → 4I15/2 transitions of Er3+ ions, respectively. The interaction mechanisms involved in the up-conversion process of ZnTiO3-Zn2TiO4:Er3+ phosphor are discussed with the help of an energy-level schematic diagram, and the number of the photons involved in the up-conversion luminescence process was estimated.

中文翻译：

---

Er3+掺杂ZnTiO3-Zn2TiO4复合荧光粉的合成及上转换性能

采用常规固相反应法制备Er3+活化的ZnTiO3-Zn2TiO4复合荧光粉。分别使用 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、UV-Vis-NIR 吸收光谱仪和光致发光 (PL) 光谱仪分析了结构、颗粒形态、吸收和光致发光性能。XRD 证实了混合六方 ZnTiO3 和立方尖晶石 Zn2TiO4 相的结晶。SEM数据表明制备的磷光体由多面六边形组成。此外，使用波长为 980 nm 的激光二极管在近红外 (NIR) 区域激发磷光体，并在 543、553 和 650–670 nm 的可见光范围内观察到相应的上转换发射线, 与 2H11/2 → 4I15/2, 4S1/2 → 4I15/2, 和 Er3+ 离子的 4F9/2 → 4I15/2 跃迁，分别。借助能级示意图讨论了ZnTiO3-Zn2TiO4:Er3+荧光粉上转换过程中的相互作用机制，并估算了上转换发光过程中涉及的光子数。