Kelps form extensive underwater forests that underpin valuable ecosystem goods and services in temperate and polar rocky coastlines globally. Stressors, such as ocean warming and pollution are causing regional declines of kelp forests and their associated services worldwide. Kelp forest restoration is becoming a prominent management intervention, but we have little understanding of what drives restoration success at appropriate spatial scales. Though most restoration guidelines stress the importance of planning, stressor mitigation and ecological knowledge, other factors, such as lack of resources or institutional support are rarely discussed despite being potentially critical to achieving desired restoration outcomes. In this paper, we work to understand the importance of finances and institutions in the context of four of the world’s largest kelp restoration projects. These projects span four countries, six kelp genera and were initiated in response to different causes of decline. We argue that to restore kelp at desired scales, adequate financing, and institutional support are critical to overcome ecological and environmental limitations. Acknowledging limitations, we outline ways to mobilize resources and encourage institutions to support kelp restoration.

中文翻译：

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财政和制度支持对于大规模海带林恢复很重要

海带形成了广阔的水下森林，支撑着全球温带和极地岩石海岸线上宝贵的生态系统产品和服务。海洋变暖和污染等压力因素正在导致全球海带森林及其相关服务的区域性衰退。海带森林恢复正在成为一项重要的管理干预措施，但我们对在适当的空间尺度上推动恢复成功的原因知之甚少。尽管大多数恢复指南都强调了规划、缓解压力和生态知识的重要性，但很少讨论其他因素，例如缺乏资源或机构支持，尽管它们对于实现预期的恢复结果可能至关重要。在本文中，在世界上四个最大的海带恢复项目的背景下，我们努力了解资金和机构的重要性。这些项目跨越四个国家，六个海带属，是为了应对不同的衰退原因而启动的。我们认为，要以理想的规模恢复海带，充足的资金和制度支持对于克服生态和环境限制至关重要。承认局限性，我们概述了调动资源和鼓励机构支持海带恢复的方法。