Selection on behavior, signaling, and morphology can be strongly affected by variation in habitat type. Consequently, populations inhabiting different environments can exhibit divergent phenotypes as a result of either habitat-specific selection or plasticity. Urban habitats in particular represent different challenges for organisms adapted for rural environments, including disparate complements of predators and competitors, resource availability, and habitat complexity. In this paper, I review work aimed at understanding the different selective challenges experienced by rural and urban populations of green anole lizards, primarily those in southeastern Louisiana. I also describe a long-term mark-recapture experiment on an urban population of green anoles in New Orleans, and consider how sex ratios and population density changes over time. Collectively, this work shows that urban and rural populations of green anoles diverge markedly in behavior and morphology driven both by differences in habitat and the presence of competitors in the urban environment; however, it also shows that the effects of urbanization on the ecology and evolution of green anoles are understudied.

中文翻译：

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成为绿色并不容易：绿色 Anole (Anolis carolinensis) 蜥蜴在城市和自然种群中的行为、形态和种群结构

栖息地类型的变化会强烈影响对行为、信号和形态的选择。因此，由于栖息地特定的选择或可塑性，居住在不同环境中的种群可能会表现出不同的表型。城市栖息地尤其代表了适应农村环境的生物体面临的不同挑战，包括捕食者和竞争者的不同补充、资源可用性和栖息地复杂性。在本文中，我回顾了旨在了解农村和城市绿蜥蜴种群（主要是路易斯安那州东南部的蜥蜴）所经历的不同选择挑战的工作。我还描述了一项针对新奥尔良城市绿色 anoles 种群的长期标记重捕实验，并考虑性别比例和人口密度如何随时间变化。总的来说，这项工作表明，由于栖息地的差异和城市环境中竞争者的存在，城市和农村的绿色 Anoles 种群在行为和形态上存在显着差异；然而，这也表明城市化对绿色变色龙生态和进化的影响尚未得到充分研究。