Frequent oil-leakage accidents and large quantities of oil-bearing wastewater discharge cause severe environmental pollution and huge economic losses. Recently, superwetting porous materials are successfully utilized to separate oil/water mixture (OWM) based on the different interfacial behavior of water and oil. Here, we summarize the recent development of efficient oil/water separation (OWS) based on the femtosecond laser-induced superwetting materials. The typical wettability-based separation manners (including “oil-removing” and “water-removing”) and the characteristic of the femtosecond laser are introduced as background. Various laser-structured porous sheets with either superhydrophobicity or underwater superoleophobicity are successfully used to separate different OWMs. The laser processing methods, surface wettability, separation process, and separation mechanism of these laser-structured separation materials are reviewed. Finally, the current challenges and prospects in achieving OWS by femtosecond laser microfabrication are discussed.

频繁的漏油事故和大量的含油废水排放造成严重的环境污染和巨大的经济损失。近来，基于水和油的不同界面行为，超润湿多孔材料被成功地用于分离油/水混合物（OWM）。在这里，我们总结了基于飞秒激光诱导的超湿材料的有效油水分离（OWS）的最新进展。介绍飞秒激光的典型润湿性分离方式（包括“除油”和“除水”）和飞秒激光的特性。具有超疏水性或水下超疏油性的各种激光结构多孔片材已成功用于分离不同的OWM。激光加工方法，表面润湿性，分离工艺，对这些激光结构分离材料的分离机理进行了综述。最后，讨论了通过飞秒激光微加工实现OWS的当前挑战和前景。