The freezing process of saturated soil is studied under the condition of water replenishment. The process of soil freezing was simulated based on the theory of the energy and mass conservation equations and the equation of mechanical equilibrium. The accuracy of the model was verified by comparison with the experimental results of soil freezing. One-side freezing of a saturated 10-cm-high soil column in an open system with different parameters was simulated, and the effects of the initial void ratio, hydraulic conductivity, and thermal conductivity of soil particles on soil frost heave, freezing depth, and ice lenses distribution during soil freezing were explored. During the freezing process, water migrates from the warm end to the frozen fringe under the actions of the temperature gradient and pore pressure. During the initial period of freezing, the frozen front quickly moves downward, the freezing depth is about 5 cm after freezing for 30 h, and the final freezing depth remains about 6 cm. The freezing depth of the soil column is affected by soil porosity and thermal conductivity, but the final freezing depth mainly depends on the temperatures of the top and lower surfaces. The frost heave is mainly related to the amount of water migration. The relationship between the amount of frost heave and the hydraulic conductivity is positively correlated, and the thickness of the stable ice lens is greatly affected by the hydraulic conductivity. With the increase of the hydraulic conductivity and initial void ratio, the formation of ice lenses in the soil become easier. With the increase of the initial void ratio and thermal conductivity of soil particles, the frost heave of the soil column also increases. With high-thermal-conductivity soil, the formation of ice lenses become difficult.

中文翻译：

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基于热-水-力多物理场耦合理论的饱和土冻结过程建模

研究了补水条件下饱和土的冻结过程。基于能量和质量守恒方程和力学平衡方程的理论，模拟了土壤冻结过程。通过与土壤冻结实验结果的对比验证了模型的准确性。模拟不同参数开放系统中10cm高饱和土柱单侧冻结，研究土粒初始孔隙比、导水率、热导率对土壤冻胀、冻结深度、并探索了土壤冻结过程中的冰晶分布。在冻结过程中，水在温度梯度和孔隙压力的作用下从暖端迁移到冻结边缘。在冻结初期，冻结锋快速向下移动，冻结30 h后冻结深度约为5 cm，最终冻结深度保持在6 cm左右。土柱的冻结深度受土壤孔隙度和热导率的影响，但最终冻结深度主要取决于上下表面的温度。冻胀主要与水分迁移量有关。冻胀量与导水率呈正相关关系，稳定冰晶状体的厚度受导水率影响较大。随着导水率和初始孔隙比的增加，土壤中冰透镜的形成变得更容易。随着土粒初始孔隙比和热导率的增加，土柱的冻胀也增加。对于高导热性土壤，冰晶的形成变得困难。