ABSTRACT Controlled crosses were made on clones in a seed orchard and the pollination bags were kept on the branches until the cones were harvested. Cones after open pollination were collected at the same time. Seedlings from the controlled pollinations, from open pollination of the same maternal parent and from commercial provenances were grown in growth chambers and terminal bud set was recorded after short day treatments. The seedlings from the seeds of cones that were kept in the pollination bags had a significantly later bud set then expected based on comparisons with their half-sibs from open pollination. The difference corresponds to a decrease in altitude of 100 m at provenance level. It can be caused by epigenetic effects due to temperature differences inside and outside the bags during seed maturation.

中文翻译：

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授粉袋种子成熟影响挪威云杉幼苗顶芽时间

摘要 在种子园中的克隆上进行受控杂交，并将授粉袋保持在树枝上，直到收获球果。同时收集开放授粉后的球果。来自受控授粉、来自同一母本的开放授粉和来自商业来源的幼苗在生长室中生长，并在短日处理后记录顶芽组。根据与来自开放授粉的半同胞的比较，来自保存在授粉袋中的锥体种子的幼苗的萌芽时间明显晚于预期。该差异对应于来源水平高度降低 100 m。它可能是由种子成熟过程中袋内外温差引起的表观遗传效应引起的。