Abstract This article reports on an advanced level physical chemistry laboratory experiment designed for college-level undergraduate education and for scholars who need specialized training on using and interpreting X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A presentation and discussion of the use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in the surface characterization of six common samples are emphasized. The six samples were copper foil, copper nanoplatelets, amorphous carbon, graphite rod, uncoated and coated glass (respectively labeled as glass side A and glass side B). Survey spectra obtained for each sample were compared to known literature spectra allowing for the identification of the element types present in each sample. Furthermore, quantitative information regarding the mass percentages of each element type was also obtained and is presented herein. On an educational standpoint, this article will allow any reader, in particular, undergraduate and graduate students, to gain a better understanding of the theory and practice of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

中文翻译：

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使用 X 射线光电子能谱进行表面分析

摘要 本文报道了为大学本科教育和需要接受X射线光电子能谱使用和解释专业培训的学者设计的高级物理化学实验室实验。重点介绍和讨论了 X 射线光电子能谱在六种常见样品的表面表征中的应用。六个样品为铜箔、纳米铜片、无定形碳、石墨棒、未镀膜和镀膜玻璃（分别标记为玻璃 A 面和玻璃 B 面）。将每个样品获得的调查光谱与已知的文献光谱进行比较，以识别每个样品中存在的元素类型。此外，还获得了关于每种元素类型的质量百分比的定量信息，并在此提供。