The significant role of topoisomerases in the control of DNA chain topology has been confirmed in numerous research conducted worldwide. The prevalence of these enzymes, as well as the key importance of topoisomerase in the proper functioning of cells, have made them the target of many scientific studies conducted all over the world. This article is a comprehensive review of knowledge about topoisomerases and their inhibitors collected over the years. Studies on the structure–activity relationship and molecular docking are one of the key elements driving drug development. In addition to information on molecular targets, this article contains details on the structure–activity relationship of described classes of compounds. Moreover, the work also includes details about the structure of the compounds that drive the mode of action of topoisomerase inhibitors. Finally, selected topoisomerases inhibitors at the stage of clinical trials and their potential application in the chemotherapy of various cancers are described.

拓扑异构酶在控制 DNA 链拓扑中的重要作用已在全球范围内进行的大量研究中得到证实。这些酶的普遍存在，以及拓扑异构酶在细胞正常功能中的关键重要性，使它们成为世界各地许多科学研究的目标。本文对多年来收集的有关拓扑异构酶及其抑制剂的知识进行了全面回顾。构效关系和分子对接研究是推动药物开发的关键要素之一。除了有关分子靶标的信息外，本文还包含有关所述化合物类别的结构-活性关系的详细信息。此外，这项工作还包括有关驱动拓扑异构酶抑制剂作用模式的化合物结构的详细信息。最后，描述了处于临床试验阶段的选定拓扑异构酶抑制剂及其在各种癌症化疗中的潜在应用。