Vaccination is the most appropriate way to control pathogens that threaten the global aquaculture industry. Unfortunately, vaccines generally do not provide satisfactory immune protection, especially those based on inactivated pathogens or recombinant antigens. Thus, it is necessary for adjuvants or immunostimulants to be used to improve the vaccine efficacy. Traditional adjuvants such as aluminium salts adjuvant and Freund’s adjuvant, are the most effective known adjuvants in aquaculture; however, due to their disadvantages, such as low adjuvanticity, short lasting time and serious side effects in vivo were also occurred. Searching for some combinations or alternative molecules of them as adjuvants is feasible to increase animal welfare without lowering the levels of immune protection. Recent advances in immunology confirmed that cytokines used as adjuvants have the advantages of eliciting the expression of costimulatory molecular and polarization of antigen‐presenting cells compared with aluminium slats adjuvant and oil adjuvant in fish farming. Moreover, the effects of most adjuvants are exerted mainly through the induction of cytokines production. Nowadays, cytokines have been evaluated for their abilities to offer effective adjuvant activities in both animal models and human studies. In this review, we summarized previous studies performed with different Th cytokines used as adjuvants on different types of fish vaccines, focusing on their protective efficacies and effects on the fish immune system as they delivered in vivo.

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鱼类中用作佐剂的细胞因子概述：现状和未来趋势

接种疫苗是控制威胁全球水产养殖业的病原体的最合适方法。不幸的是，疫苗通常不能提供令人满意的免疫保护，特别是那些基于灭活的病原体或重组抗原的疫苗。因此，必须使用佐剂或免疫刺激剂来提高疫苗效力。传统佐剂，如铝盐佐剂和弗氏佐剂，是水产养殖中最有效的已知佐剂。然而，由于它们的缺点，如佐剂度低，持续时间短和体内严重的副作用也发生了。寻找某些组合或它们的替代分子作为佐剂是可行的，可以在不降低免疫保护水平的情况下增加动物的福利。免疫学的最新进展证实，与鱼类养殖中的铝板条佐剂和油佐剂相比，用作佐剂的细胞因子具有引发共刺激分子表达和抗原呈递细胞极化的优势。而且，大多数佐剂的作用主要通过诱导细胞因子产生。如今，已经在动物模型和人体研究中评估了细胞因子提供有效佐剂活性的能力。在这篇综述中，我们总结了以前使用不同Th细胞因子作为佐剂对不同类型的鱼疫苗进行的研究，体内。