A comprehensive study on energy harvesting characteristics as well as electro‐mechanical properties of lead‐free (1−x)(BaZr_0.2Ti_0.8)O₃—x(Ba_0.7Ca_0.3Ti)O₃ ceramics were systematically carried out. Raman and Rietveld analyses show a formation of rhombohedral‐orthorhombic‐tetragonal (R‐O‐T) phase boundary region between 4/6 BZT/BCT and 6/4 BZT/BCT compositional range. Raman modes shift toward lower frequencies with increased Zr/Ca stoichiometric ratio attributed to asymmetric Ti‐O phonon vibrations, which caused local disorder, widening of energy band and reduced Curie temperature. The large mechanical quality factor Q_m = 556 is related to the hardening effect and significantly high energy conversion efficiency η = 96% was discovered for 3/7 BZT/BCT composition. Largely, the noblest electro‐mechanical properties were retrieved for 5/5 BZT/BCT ceramics, in which d₃₃ = 500 pC/N (from quasi‐static d₃₃ meter), d₃₃ = 540 pm/V (from field‐dependent d₃₃ curves) indicating that the both methods are analogous with a deviation of 8%. The outstanding energy harvesting characteristics such as voltage constant g₃₃ = 27 × 10⁻³ Vm/N, transduction coefficient d₃₃ × g₃₃ = 13 301 × 10⁻¹⁵ m²/N, figure of merit under off‐resonance conditions FOM_off = 12.1 × 10⁻¹⁰ m²/N and fairly large η of 94% were attained again for 5/5 BZT/BCT ceramics. These outstanding characteristics were ascribed to the R‐O‐T phase boundary region that comprises a low energy barrier, consequently facilitated easy polarization rotation and triggered an increased electro‐mechanical conversion. These characteristics outperform other lead‐free and even most commercially available lead‐based ceramics, and thus suitable for sensors, actuators, resonators, and energy harvesting applications.

中文翻译：

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具有高品质因数和能量收集特性的成分驱动（Ba，Ca）（Zr，Ti）O3无铅陶瓷

系统地研究了无铅（1- x）（BaZr _0.2 Ti _0.8）O ₃ - x（Ba _0.7 Ca _0.3 Ti）O ₃陶瓷的能量收集特性和机电性能。拉曼和Rietveld分析显示在4/6 BZT / BCT和6/4 BZT / BCT组成范围之间的菱面体-斜方四方（R-O-T）相边界区域的形成。由于不对称的Ti-O声子振动导致Zr / Ca化学计量比增加，拉曼模式向低频移动，这导致局部无序，能带变宽和居里温度降低。大机械品质因数Q_m  = 556与硬化效果有关， 对于3/7 BZT / BCT组合物，发现很高的能量转换效率η = 96％。在很大程度上，对于5/5 BZT / BCT陶瓷，可以找到最贵的机电性能，其中d ₃₃  = 500 pC / N（来自准静态d ₃₃米），d ₃₃  = 540 pm / V（取决于磁场） d ₃₃曲线）表明这两种方法相似，偏差为8％。出色的能量采集特性，例如电压常数g ₃₃  = 27×10 ^-3  Vm / N，转换系数d ₃₃  ×  g₃₃  = 13301×10 ^-15  m ² / N，在非共振条件下的品质因数FOM _off  = 12.1×10 ^-10  m ² / N，5/5 BZT / BCT又获得了94％的相当大的η陶瓷。这些杰出的特性归因于R‐O‐T相边界区域，该区域包括低能垒，因此易于极化容易旋转并触发了机电转换的增加。这些特性优于其他无铅甚至是大多数市售的铅基陶瓷，因此适用于传感器，执行器，谐振器和能量收集应用。