Spreading coefficient, foam degradation, fuel transport through a foam layer, foam spread, and fire extinction time were collected by varying fuels for a given fluorosurfactant formulation. Varying fuel structure systematically enabled variation of foam-fuel interactions, and spreading coefficients, which affected aqueous film formation. A wide range of spreading coefficients were studied using two foam formulations. Surfactant formulations with near-zero or negative spreading coefficients (−1.2, −0.12 mN/m) suppressed the fires within the same time or faster than those with positive spreading coefficients (1.77, 3.28 mN/m). Both foams extinguished an iso-octane and methylcyclohexane pool fire despite negative spreading coefficients on iso-octane and positive spreading coefficients on methylcyclohexane. The fire extinction times collected relate more closely to foam degradation than to film formation. Foam degradation results showed a roughly 20% variation in lifetime between the two foams and the three fuels, consistent with fire extinction times. To understand the relationship between foam degradation and solution properties, a single lamella experiment was designed that monitors lamella thickness and lifetime. This experiment, relating solution to foam properties, will aid in the development of environmentally friendly surfactant replacements in firefighting foams.

中文翻译：

---

燃料对水膜形成和泡沫降解的影响及其对含氟表面活性剂泡沫灭火的影响

对于给定的含氟表面活性剂配方，通过改变燃料收集扩散系数、泡沫降解、燃料通过泡沫层的传输、泡沫扩散和灭火时间。改变燃料结构系统地使泡沫-燃料相互作用和扩散系数发生变化，这会影响水膜的形成。使用两种泡沫配方研究了广泛的铺展系数。与具有正蔓延系数（1.77、3.28 mN/m）的表面活性剂配方相比，具有接近零或负蔓延系数（-1.2、-0.12 mN/m）的表面活性剂配方在相同的时间内或更快地抑制了火灾。尽管异辛烷的扩散系数为负，甲基环己烷的扩散系数为正，但两种泡沫都扑灭了异辛烷和甲基环己烷池火。收集到的灭火时间与泡沫降解的关系比与成膜的关系更密切。泡沫降解结果表明，两种泡沫和三种燃料之间的寿命差异大约为 20%，与灭火时间一致。为了了解泡沫降解与溶液特性之间的关系，设计了一个单层实验来监测层厚度和寿命。该实验涉及泡沫特性的解决方案，将有助于开发消防泡沫中的环保表面活性剂替代品。为了了解泡沫降解与溶液特性之间的关系，设计了一个单层实验来监测层厚度和寿命。该实验涉及泡沫特性的解决方案，将有助于开发消防泡沫中的环保表面活性剂替代品。为了了解泡沫降解与溶液特性之间的关系，设计了一个单层实验来监测层厚度和寿命。该实验涉及泡沫特性的解决方案，将有助于开发消防泡沫中的环保表面活性剂替代品。