Under ocean warming and acidification, diatoms use a unique acclimation and adaptation strategy by saving energy and utilizing it for other cellular processes. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie this reprogramming of energy utilization are currently unknown. Here, we investigate the metabolic reprogramming of the ecologically important diatom Skeletonema dohrnii grown under two different temperature (21°C and 25°C) and pCO₂ (400 and 1000 ppm) levels, utilizing global transcriptomic analysis. We find that evolutionary changes in the baseline gene expression, which we termed transcriptional up‐ and downregulation, is the primary mechanism used by diatoms to acclimate to the combined conditions of ocean warming and acidification. This transcriptional regulation shows that under higher temperature and pCO₂ conditions, photosynthesis, electron transport and carboxylation were modified with increasing abundances of genes encoding ATP, NADPH and carbon gaining for the carbon‐dioxide‐concentrating mechanisms (CCMs). Our results also indicate that changes in the transcriptional regulation of CCMs led to a decrease in the metabolic cost to save energy by promoting amino acid synthesis and nitrogen assimilation for the active protein processing machinery to adapt to warming and ocean acidification. This study generated unique metabolic insights into diatoms and suggests that future climate change conditions will cause evolutionary changes in oceanic diatoms that will facilitate their acclimation strategy.

中文翻译：

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海洋变暖和酸化条件下海洋硅藻Skeletonema dohrnii的转录组重编程

在海洋变暖和酸化的环境下，硅藻通过节省能源并将其用于其他细胞过程而使用了独特的适应和适应策略。但是，目前尚不清楚构成能量利用重新编程基础的分子机制。在这里，我们研究了在两种不同温度（21°C和25°C）和p CO ₂下生长的具有生态重要性的硅藻Skeletonema dohrnii的代谢重编程。（400和1000 ppm）水平，利用全局转录组分析。我们发现，基线基因表达的进化变化（我们称之为转录上调和下调）是硅藻适应海洋变暖和酸化的综合条件的主要机制。这种转录调控表明，在较高温度和p CO _2下随着二氧化碳浓缩机制（CCMs）编码ATP，NADPH和碳增加的基因的丰度增加，条件，光合作用，电子转运和羧化作用得到了改善。我们的研究结果还表明，CCMs转录调控的变化通过促进氨基酸合成和氮同化，使活性蛋白加工机械适应变暖和海洋酸化，从而降低了代谢成本，从而节省了能源。这项研究对硅藻产生了独特的代谢见解，并暗示未来的气候变化条件将导致海洋硅藻的进化变化，从而促进其适应环境。