Feto‐maternal communication helps to maintain pregnancy and contributes to parturition at term and preterm. Endocrine and immune factor are well‐reported communication mediators. Recent advances in extracellular vesicle (EV) biology have introduced them as major communication channels between the mother and fetus. EVs are round structures with a lipid bilayer membrane. EVs are generally categorized based on their size and mode of biogenesis. The most commonly reported EVs are exosomes with a size range of 30‐160 nm that are formed inside the intraluminal vesicles of multivesicular body. Microvesicles (MVs) are larger than > 200 nm and formed by outward budding of plasma membrane. Vesicles are released from all cells and carry various factors that reflect the physiologic state of cell at the time of their release. Analysis of vesicle provides a snapshot of origin cell. Recent studies in perinatal medicine have shown that exosomes are key communicators between feto‐maternal units, and they can cross placenta. Fetal‐derived exosomes released under term labor‐associated conditions can cause parturition‐associated changes in maternal uterine tissues. Exosomes carrying inflammatory cargo can cause preterm birth in animal models suggesting their functional role in parturition. A few reports have profiled differences between exosome cargos from term and preterm pregnancies and indicated their biomarker potential to predict high‐risk pregnancy status. There are hardly any reports on MVs and their functional roles in reproduction. Herein, we review of EVs and MVs, their characteristics, function, and usefulness predicting adverse pregnancy complications such as preterm birth.

中文翻译：

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自发性早产中的细胞外囊泡

胎儿与母亲的交流有助于维持妊娠，并有助于足月和早产。内分泌和免疫因子是广泛报道的沟通媒介。细胞外囊泡 (EV) 生物学的最新进展已将它们作为母亲和胎儿之间的主要沟通渠道。EV 是具有脂质双层膜的圆形结构。电动汽车通常根据其大小和生物发生方式进行分类。最常报道的 EVs 是在多泡体腔内囊泡内形成的大小范围为 30-160 nm 的外泌体。微泡 (MV) 大于 > 200 nm，由质膜向外出芽形成。囊泡从所有细胞中释放出来，并携带各种反映细胞在释放时的生理状态的因子。囊泡分析提供了原始细胞的快照。最近的围产医学研究表明，外泌体是胎儿-母体单位之间的关键沟通者，它们可以穿过胎盘。在足月分娩相关条件下释放的胎儿衍生的外泌体可导致母体子宫组织与分娩相关的变化。携带炎症货物的外泌体可在动物模型中导致早产，这表明它们在分娩中的功能作用。一些报告描述了足月妊娠和早产妊娠的外泌体货物之间的差异，并表明它们具有预测高危妊娠状态的生物标志物潜力。几乎没有关于 MV 及其在生殖中的功能作用的报道。在此，我们回顾了 EV 和 MV，它们的特性、功能、