Opioid use disorders are chronic and relapse is common. Both negative affect and craving have been suggested antecedents of relapse and have been shown to demonstrate within- and between-person variability, as well as association with each other. The present study extends previous research by examining the covariation of negative affect and craving both within-day and at the person-level during 12 days of treatment among opioid-dependent patients. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data were collected from 73 participants starting between 10 and 14 days after admission to an inpatient treatment facility. These data were analyzed using multivariate multilevel models and time-varying effect models. Results demonstrated strong association between negative affect and craving. Within-day, negative affect and craving were most associated in the early afternoon. At the person-level, association between negative affect and craving declined during the first week of data collection. Following this initial decline in association, negative affect and craving increasingly covaried during days 8–12 of data collection. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report a lagged increase in the association between negative affect and craving among patients during inpatient treatment for opioid dependence. Implications for research and treatment providers are discussed.

阿片类药物使用障碍是慢性的，并且复发很常见。负面影响和渴望都被认为是复发的前因，并已显示出人体内和人之间的变异性，以及彼此之间的关联。本研究通过检查阿片类药物依赖患者治疗 12 天期间在日内和个人层面的负面影响和渴望的协变来扩展先前的研究。从入院治疗设施后 10 至 14 天开始，从 73 名参与者那里收集生态瞬时评估 (EMA) 数据。使用多元多级模型和时变效应模型分析这些数据。结果表明负面影响和渴望之间有很强的关联。日内，下午早些时候，负面影响和渴望最为相关。在个人层面，负面影响与渴望之间的关联在数据收集的第一周内下降。在最初的关联下降之后，在数据收集的第 8-12 天，负面影响和渴望越来越多地相互关联。据我们所知，这是第一项报告在阿片类药物依赖住院治疗期间患者的负面影响和渴望之间的关联增加滞后的研究。讨论了对研究和治疗提供者的影响。据我们所知，这是第一项报告在阿片类药物依赖住院治疗期间患者的负面影响和渴望之间的关联增加滞后的研究。讨论了对研究和治疗提供者的影响。据我们所知，这是第一项报告在阿片类药物依赖住院治疗期间患者的负面影响和渴望之间的关联增加滞后的研究。讨论了对研究和治疗提供者的影响。