Necroptosis is a receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3)-/mixed lineage kinase domain-like(MLKL)-dependent and caspase-independent form of cell death that promotes inflammation. We, and others, have recently shown that necroptotic cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs). This finding has highlighted that the impact of necroptosis extends well beyond its cell death function. In this review, we summarize the general characteristics, biogenesis, and function of EVs, as well as their role in cancer. In addition, we outline our current knowledge regarding necroptotic EVs, including their recently discovered and analyzed proteome. We examine the accumulating evidence for a role for necroptosis in anti-tumor immunity. Finally, we suggest that necroptotic EVs play an important role in the necroptosis-induced immune response and may, therefore, be exploited in cancer immunotherapy applications.

坏死性凋亡是一种受体相互作用蛋白激酶 3 (RIPK3)/混合谱系激酶结构域样 (MLK​​L) 依赖性和半胱天冬酶非依赖性细胞死亡形式，可促进炎症。我们和其他人最近表明，坏死性细胞会释放细胞外囊泡 (EV)。这一发现强调了坏死性凋亡的影响远远超出了其细胞死亡功能。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 EV 的一般特征、生物发生和功能，以及它们在癌症中的作用。此外，我们概述了我们目前关于 necroptotic EVs 的知识，包括它们最近发现和分析的蛋白质组。我们检查了越来越多的证据表明坏死性凋亡在抗肿瘤免疫中的作用。最后，我们建议坏死性 EV 在 necroptosis 诱导的免疫反应中发挥重要作用，因此，