An improved cellular automata model based on car–truck combination effect oriented to faithfully reproducing the characteristics of heterogeneous traffic flow is presented in this paper. The model focuses on reflecting complex car-following and lane-changing behavior of cars and trucks by incorporating the difference of physical performance and driving behavior between cars and trucks and the behavioral change caused by car–truck interaction. The update rules of cars and trucks were constructed separately based on the analysis results of NGSIM and SP survey. The impact of the truck in front was introduced into the model, which can affect the lane-changing probability, safety expectation and randomization probability. As revealed by the simulation results, the driving of vehicles in the heterogeneous traffic (i.e. car–truck, truck–car, car–car and truck–truck) is reproduced properly through the model. In addition, the model is capable of reproducing the hysteresis phenomenon and identifying three typical traffic states, namely free flow, synchronized flow and jam. Under certain conditions, trucks can help to eliminate the propagation of congestion waves. Moreover, the percentage of trucks and truck impact have a significant influence on the fundamental diagram, congestion rate, lane-changing rate and traffic stability. The findings of this study can provide a basis for further research on the heterogeneous traffic.

提出了一种基于车卡车组合效应的改进的细胞自动机模型，旨在忠实地再现异构交通流的特征。该模型着重于通过综合考虑轿车和卡车之间的物理性能和驾驶行为的差异以及车与卡车之间的交互作用而引起的行为变化，来反映轿车和卡车的复杂的跟车和换道行为。根据NGSIM和SP调查的分析结果，分别构造了汽车和卡车的更新规则。模型中引入了前卡车的影响，该影响会影响换道概率，安全预期和随机概率。从仿真结果可以看出，车辆在不同类型的交通中（例如，汽车，卡车，通过该模型正确地复制了汽车（卡车和卡车）。另外，该模型能够再现滞后现象并识别三种典型的交通状态，即自由流动，同步流动和阻塞。在某些条件下，卡车可以帮助消除拥塞波的传播。此外，卡车的百分比和卡车的撞击对基本图，拥堵率，变道率和交通稳定性都具有重要影响。这项研究的结果可以为进一步研究异构流量提供基础。卡车可以帮助消除拥塞波的传播。此外，卡车的百分比和卡车的撞击对基本图，拥堵率，变道率和交通稳定性都具有重要影响。这项研究的结果可以为进一步研究异构流量提供基础。卡车可以帮助消除拥塞波的传播。此外，卡车的百分比和卡车的撞击对基本图，拥堵率，变道率和交通稳定性都具有重要影响。这项研究的结果可以为进一步研究异构流量提供基础。