Diclofenac (DCF) is one of the most commonly utilized non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which is known to pose an ecotoxicological threat. In this study, from activated sludge and contaminated soil, we isolated four new bacterial strains able to degrade DCF under mono-substrate and co-metabolic conditions with glucose supplementation. We found that the effectiveness of DCF removal is strictly strain-specific and the addition of the primary substrate is not always beneficial. To assess the multidirectional influence of diclofenac on bacterial cells we evaluated the alterations of increasing concentrations of DCF on membrane structure. A significant increase was observed in the content of 17:0 cyclo fatty acid, which is responsible for reduced fluidity and profound changes in membrane rigidity. The cell injury and oxidative stress were assessed with biomarkers used as endpoints of toxicity, i.e. catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipids peroxidation (LPX), and both intra- and extracellular alkaline and acid phosphatase activity. Results indicated that DCF induced oxidative stress, frequently intensified by the addition of glucose. However, the response of the microbial cells to the presence of DCF should not be generalized, since the overall picture of the particular alterations greatly varied for each of the examined strains.

双氯芬酸（DCF）是最常用的非甾体类抗炎药（NSAIDs）之一，已知会造成生态毒理学威胁。在这项研究中，我们从活性污泥和受污染的土壤中，分离出四种能够在单底物和代谢代谢条件下补充葡萄糖的条件下降解DCF的新细菌菌株。我们发现DCF去除的效果严格取决于应变，并且添加主要底物并不总是有益的。为了评估双氯芬酸对细菌细胞的多方向影响，我们评估了DCF浓度增加对膜结构的改变。观察到17：0环的含量显着增加脂肪酸，减少了流动性并大大改变了膜的硬度。用作为毒性终点的生物标志物评估了细胞损伤和氧化应激，即过氧化氢酶（CAT），超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），脂质过氧化（LPX）以及细胞内和细胞外碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶的活性。结果表明，DCF诱导氧化应激，通常通过添加葡萄糖来加剧。但是，微生物细胞对DCF的反应不应归纳为一般性的，因为特定变化的总体情况对于每个检测菌株而言都大不相同。