Background

Earlier studies have attempted to create electronic free insulin delivery systems using different glucose sensing mechanism, no successful clinical translation as hitherto been made. This study aimed to assess the faster responsiveness of the insulin release from this enzyme based nanoparticles which is a self-regulated insulin delivery system constructed by loading with insulin, enzyme glucose oxidase into hyaluronic acid and 2-nitroimidazole forming enzyme-based nanoparticles which works in accordance to the blood glucose level.

Materials and method

Enzyme-based nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method. Insulin content in the nanoparticles kept for stability study was estimated by human insulin enzyme based immunosorbent assay. In in-vitro studies; different concentrations of glucose were taken and the release study of insulin was recorded.

Results

This enzyme-based nanoparticles were having average diameter of around 193 nm and stability studies showed that nanoparticles were stable upto 30 days at 4 °C. In-vitro studies showed the release of insulin from nanoparticle conjugates which was effectively correlated with the external glucose concentration created where different concentrations of glucose taken thus facilitating the stabilization of blood glucose levels in the hyperglycemia state which was achieved within 10 min. (400 mg/dL) wherein drug release rate remarkably increased in hyperglycemia state and no specific changes or small amount of release was observed in normoglycemia state (100 mg/dL).

Conclusion

Overall, this preliminary study of this enzyme-based nanoparticles formulation showed excellent rapid responsiveness towards hyperglycemia which might act as a potential biomimetic system in triggering the release of insulin in sustained manner.

中文翻译：

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合成酶基纳米颗粒作为胰岛素葡萄糖响应释放的智能催化剂

背景

早期的研究尝试使用不同的葡萄糖传感机制来创建电子自由胰岛素输送系统，但迄今为止尚未成功进行临床转化。本研究旨在评估这种酶基纳米颗粒对胰岛素释放的更快响应，该纳米颗粒是一种自我调节的胰岛素递送系统，通过加载胰岛素、酶葡萄糖氧化酶进入透明质酸和 2-硝基咪唑形成酶基纳米颗粒构建而成根据血糖水平。

材料与方法

采用离子凝胶法制备酶基纳米颗粒。用于稳定性研究的纳米颗粒中的胰岛素含量通过基于人胰岛素酶的免疫吸附测定来估计。在体外研究; 取不同浓度的葡萄糖并记录胰岛素的释放研究。

结果

这种基于酶的纳米颗粒的平均直径约为 193 nm，稳定性研究表明，纳米颗粒在 4°C 下可稳定长达 30 天。体外研究表明，胰岛素从纳米颗粒缀合物中释放出来，这与所产生的外部葡萄糖浓度有效相关，在不同浓度的葡萄糖中，这有助于在 10 分钟内实现高血糖状态下血糖水平的稳定。(400 mg/dL)，其中药物释放速率在高血糖状态下显着增加，在正常血糖状态 (100 mg/dL) 中未观察到特定变化或少量释放。

结论

总体而言，对这种基于酶的纳米颗粒制剂的初步研究显示出对高血糖的出色快速响应，这可能作为一种潜在的仿生系统，以持续的方式触发胰岛素的释放。