Since inflammasomes were discovered in the early 21st century, knowledge about their biology has multiplied exponentially. These cytosolic multiprotein complexes alert the immune system about the presence of infection or tissue damage, and regulate the subsequent inflammatory responses. As inflammasome dysregulation is increasingly associated with numerous autoinflammatory disorders, there is an urgent need for further research into the inflammasome's involvement in the pathogenesis of such diseases in order to identify novel therapeutic targets and treatments. The zebrafish has become a widely used animal model to study human diseases in recent years, and has already provided relevant findings in the field of inflammasome biology including the identification of new components and pathways.

We provide a detailed analysis of current knowledge on neutrophil inflammasome biology and compare its features with those of the better known macrophage inflammasome, focusing on its contribution to innate immunity and its relevance for human health. Importantly, a large body of evidence points to a link between neutrophil inflammasome dysfunction and many neutrophil-mediated human diseases, but the real contribution of the neutrophil inflammasome to the pathogenesis of these disorders is largely unknown. Although neutrophils have remained in the shadow of macrophages and monocytes in the field of inflammasome research since the discovery of these multiprotein platforms, recent studies strongly suggest that the importance of the neutrophil inflammasome has been underestimated.

自从 21 世纪初发现炎症小体以来，有关其生物学的知识成倍增长。这些胞质多蛋白复合物提醒免疫系统存在感染或组织损伤，并调节随后的炎症反应。由于炎性小体失调与许多自身炎症性疾病的相关性越来越高，因此迫切需要进一步研究炎性小体在此类疾病发病机制中的作用，以确定新的治疗靶点和治疗方法。斑马鱼近年来已成为研究人类疾病的一种广泛使用的动物模型，并已在炎症小体生物学领域提供了相关发现，包括新成分和途径的鉴定。

我们对中性粒细胞炎症小体生物学的当前知识进行了详细分析，并将其特征与更广为人知的巨噬细胞炎症小体的特征进行了比较，重点关注其对先天免疫的贡献及其与人类健康的相关性。重要的是，大量证据表明中性粒细胞炎性体功能障碍与许多中性粒细胞介导的人类疾病之间存在联系，但中性粒细胞炎性体对这些疾病发病机制的真正贡献在很大程度上是未知的。尽管自从发现这些多蛋白平台以来，中性粒细胞在炎症小体研究领域一直处于巨噬细胞和单核细胞的阴影之下，但最近的研究强烈表明，中性粒细胞炎症小体的重要性被低估了。