Biofuels have become in many countries an alternative energy source for transportation. This has led to the construction of large-scale biofuel refineries. However, this process is raising concern among local stakeholders where the refineries are being sited. Here, we used geospatial techniques to implement a landscape design approach to address societal questions and local concerns regarding the impacts of introducing large-scale production of advanced biofuel (2G). Spatially-explicit landscape design was used to integrate various components in the biofuel supply chain and understand environmental and socioeconomic effects at various levels. Different techniques and modelling approaches were brought together with active participation of local stakeholders to provide answers to varying questions of community relevance. The application of the approach to the analysis of the case of cellulosic ethanol production from dedicated crops in Sardinia (Italy) shows that the introduction of a large-scale biofuel refinery could lead to positive outcomes at local level in terms of habitat quality, employment, energy production and reduction of GHG emissions. However, negative effects are expected regarding water availability and the production of food and animal feed in the landscape. This form of integrated knowledge about benefits and trade-offs can be used by project developers and policymakers to steer the deployment of biofuel projects to advance high level policy goals while respecting local priorities and concerns.

在许多国家，生物燃料已成为交通运输的替代能源。这导致了大型生物燃料精炼厂的建设。然而，这一过程引起了炼油厂所在地的当地利益相关者的关注。在这里，我们使用地理空间技术来实施景观设计方法，以解决社会问题和当地对引入大规模生产高级生物燃料（2G）的影响的关注。空间明晰的景观设计用于整合生物燃料供应链中的各个组成部分，并了解各个级别的环境和社会经济影响。在当地利益相关者的积极参与下，人们采用了不同的技术和建模方法，以解决社区相关性的各种问题。该方法在撒丁岛（意大利）专用作物纤维素乙醇生产案例分析中的应用表明，大规模生物燃料提炼厂的引入可能会在栖息地质量，就业，能源生产和减少温室气体排放。但是，预计对景观中的水供应以及食物和动物饲料的生产会产生负面影响。项目开发人员和政策制定者可以使用这种有关收益和权衡的综合知识的形式，指导生物燃料项目的部署，以在尊重当地优先事项和关注的同时推进高水平的政策目标。